{"id":2,"date":"2019-08-19T08:42:31","date_gmt":"2019-08-19T07:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/?page_id=2"},"modified":"2023-01-17T11:00:40","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T11:00:40","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2\" class=\"elementor elementor-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-431d24e2 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"431d24e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41d12342\" data-id=\"41d12342\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f978d20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f978d20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"994\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2754-SUBS-2022-Title-0801.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3745\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2754-SUBS-2022-Title-0801.png 994w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2754-SUBS-2022-Title-0801-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2754-SUBS-2022-Title-0801-768x418.png 768w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b561732 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b561732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/2021\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">View 2021 Edition<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61d3482 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61d3482\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-307dea4\" data-id=\"307dea4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eb9c79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3eb9c79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">17th European Spectrum Management Conference <\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa0307 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fa0307\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This conference has now taken place. Keep an eye out here for updates on a future event!\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aa5d40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9aa5d40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Session replays<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-226a767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"226a767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PL-w3m3Fi4ZVlQEk58RgduvYDQGqTIExfb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sub-sahara-replays-768x432.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-4165\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sub-sahara-replays-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sub-sahara-replays-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sub-sahara-replays-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sub-sahara-replays-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sub-sahara-replays.png 1920w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb051d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb051d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Event photos<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6422ae2 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"6422ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;arrows&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement 2-212\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIwMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMi0yMTIuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQyMmFlMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-212.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-212-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement 2-212\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a 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e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE5MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMi04MS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2NDIyYWUyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-81.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-81-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement 2-81\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement 2-58\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMi01OC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2NDIyYWUyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-58.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-58-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement 2-58\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement 2-48\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMi00OC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2NDIyYWUyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-48.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-48-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement 2-48\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement 2-10\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMi0xMC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2NDIyYWUyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-10.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-10-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement 2-10\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement 2-6\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMi02LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-6.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-2-6-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement 2-6\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-344\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMzQ0LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-344.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-344-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-344\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-334\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMzM0LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-334.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-334-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-334\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-314\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMzE0LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-314.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-314-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-314\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-307\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMzA3LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-307.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-307-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-307\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-269\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMjY5LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-269.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-269-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-269\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-262\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE4MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMjYyLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-262.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-262-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-262\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-244\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMjQ0LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-244.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-244-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-244\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-192\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMTkyLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-192.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-192-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-192\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-165\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMTY1LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-165.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-165-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-165\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-117\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMTE3LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjY0MjJhZTIifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-117.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-117-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-117\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-99\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtOTkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQyMmFlMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-99.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-99-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-99\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-41\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtNDEuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQyMmFlMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-41.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-41-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-41\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-35\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMzUuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQyMmFlMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-35.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-35-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-35\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-33\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMzMuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQyMmFlMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-33.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-33-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-33\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-12\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMTIuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQyMmFlMiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-12.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-12-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-12\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-8\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE3MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtOC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2NDIyYWUyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-8.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-8-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-8\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6422ae2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SpectrumManagement-1\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE2OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3N1YnNhaGFyYS1zcGVjdHJ1bS5jb21cLzIwMjJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzExXC9TcGVjdHJ1bU1hbmFnZW1lbnQtMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2NDIyYWUyIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-1.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/SpectrumManagement-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SpectrumManagement-1\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Previous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7872f25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7872f25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Event Overview<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66ad19b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66ad19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The 7th Sub-Sahara Spectrum Management Conference took place in a hybrid f<span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">ormat on 3 &amp; 4 November 2022 at the Cape Town International Convention Centre, South Africa.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); color: #0075be;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>The event<span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">\u00a0gathered key stakeholders to discuss topical issues relating to the management and coordination of spectrum policy across the region.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">During the 2 days attendees had the opportunity to get involved and engage through<\/span><b> interactive sessions, networking opportunities, exhibition area and much more.<\/b><\/p><p>The conference is part of <span style=\"color: f02e00;\"><span style=\"color: #f6cd46;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #f6cd46;\" href=\"\/\/www.spectrum-series.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Global Spectrum Series<\/a><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0075be;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The world&#8217;s largest collection of regional spectrum policy conferences<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1896d72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1896d72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efc2a6d\" data-id=\"efc2a6d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a4c2a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a4c2a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Themes<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd2b62a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd2b62a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e243f8\" data-id=\"5e243f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35d1b77 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"35d1b77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.9,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3708\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1.png 200w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-90x90.png 90w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-826971d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"826971d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e3565f\" data-id=\"7e3565f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-136ce9a e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"136ce9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.9,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3709\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2.png 200w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-90x90.png 90w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a94bc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a94bc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">WRC-23 - progress, challenges and opportunities<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-26ffbcd\" data-id=\"26ffbcd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-912fd50 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"912fd50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.9,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3710\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3.png 200w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-90x90.png 90w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03bfc96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"03bfc96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1b78cc\" data-id=\"b1b78cc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6ac012 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f6ac012\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.9,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3711\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4.png 200w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-90x90.png 90w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9af729b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9af729b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key mid-band frequencies - 2.6GHz, C-band, 6GHz<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1bca00\" data-id=\"c1bca00\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a18e16 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a18e16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.9,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3712\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.png 200w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-90x90.png 90w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-211fe39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"211fe39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rural connectivity and the digital divide<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4ff9f7\" data-id=\"e4ff9f7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaca6e6 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eaca6e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.9,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3714\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7.png 200w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-90x90.png 90w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1d999f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1d999f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Towards a harmonized 5G strategy for Africa<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b7050b\" data-id=\"2b7050b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56a389f e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56a389f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.9,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3713\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6.png 200w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-90x90.png 90w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d62e475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d62e475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spectrum pricing and award mechanisms<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-329a6bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"329a6bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"partners\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6173754\" data-id=\"6173754\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42f6ac6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42f6ac6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Organisers &amp; Partners<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159fcde elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"159fcde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a1d9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"88a1d9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supported by<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2365016 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2365016\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-30d4348\" data-id=\"30d4348\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-824b372 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"824b372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-824b372\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ICASA-Logo-full-colour.jpg\" alt=\"ICASA-Logo-full-colour\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-824b372\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ICASA-Logo-full-colour.jpg\" alt=\"ICASA-Logo-full-colour\">\n\t\t\tICASA\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) is the official regulator of the South African communications, broadcasting and postal services sectors.<\/p><p>We develop regulations for these sectors, issue licences to telecommunications and broadcasting service providers, monitor licensee compliance with rules and regulations, plan and manage the radio frequency spectrum, and protect consumers against unfair business practices and poor-quality services.<\/p><p>Everything we do is aimed at ensuring that all people in South Africa have access to basic communication services at affordable prices. In terms or our licence agreements, operators have to roll out services in under-serviced areas and we ensure that licensees contribute to the Universal Service and Access Fund.<\/p><p>ICASA falls under schedule 1 of the Public Finance Management Act No 1 of 1999. Our mandate is set out in the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa Act, Act No 13 of 2000, the Electronic Communications Act, Act No 35 of 2005, as amended, the Postal Services Act No 24 of 1998 and the Broadcasting Act No 4 of 1999 for the regulation of electronic communications, broadcasting and the postal sectors in the public interest.<\/p><p>The legislation empowers ICASA to grant licences, monitor licensee compliance with licence terms and conditions, develop regulations, plan and manage the radio frequency spectrum and protect consumers.<br \/>We are also mandated to receive complaints from the public about poor services provided by telecommunications, broadcasting and postal services licensees. We facilitate the resolution of these complaints or refer them to the Complaint and Compliance Committee.<\/p><p>ICASA was established in July 2000 as a merger of the South African Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (SATRA) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA).<\/p><p>We&#8217;re a Chapter 9 institution (an institution that supports democracy) in terms of the South African Constitution, and a portfolio organisation of the Department of Communications.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icasa.org.za\/\">https:\/\/www.icasa.org.za\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-17aca34\" data-id=\"17aca34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57369f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"57369f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-57369f8\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/africa-telecommunications-unionb.png\" alt=\"africa-telecommunications-unionb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-57369f8\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/africa-telecommunications-unionb.png\" alt=\"africa-telecommunications-unionb\">\n\t\t\tAfrican Telecommunications Union\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Founded in 1977 as a specialized agency of the Organisation of African Unity, now African Union, in the field of telecommunications, the African Telecommunications Union (ATU-UAT) took its present name in 1999. This led to the transformation of the agency into a partnership between public and private stakeholders in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atuuat.africa\/\">www.atuuat.africa<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b4d923\" data-id=\"5b4d923\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1584d03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"1584d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-1584d03\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Updated-ITU-Logo.jpg\" alt=\"Updated ITU Logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-1584d03\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Updated-ITU-Logo.jpg\" alt=\"Updated ITU Logo\">\n\t\t\tITU\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies \u2013 ICTs.<br \/><br \/>Founded in 1865 to facilitate international connectivity in communications networks, we allocate global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect, and strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide. \u00a0Every time you make a phonecall via the mobile, access the Internet or send an email, you are benefitting from the work of ITU.\u00a0<\/div><div><p><br \/>ITU is\u00a0<strong>committed to\u00a0connecting all the world&#8217;s people\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 wherever they live and whatever their means. Through our work, we protect and support everyone&#8217;s right to communicate.\u200b<\/p><p>In line with its mandate and the WSIS outcome documents, the ITU continues playing a key role in WSIS implementation and follow-up. Find out more\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/itu-wsis\/Pages\/default.aspx\">here\u200b<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ef1288 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"4ef1288\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6fedfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"d6fedfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-d6fedfe\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-d6fedfe\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca54330 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"ca54330\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8a7f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7e8a7f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7e8a7f4\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7e8a7f4\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-deb232d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"deb232d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1eb764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1eb764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Platinum Partners<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-959b891 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"959b891\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7ee27c\" data-id=\"a7ee27c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a4515c elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2a4515c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2a4515c\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Forum-Global-1.png\" alt=\"Forum Global (1)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2a4515c\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Forum-Global-1.png\" alt=\"Forum Global (1)\">\n\t\t\tForum Global\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Forum Global specializes in policy focused conferences and events, providing a platform for discussion and debate on topical issues across a variety of different sectors. These events are organized with clients and partners and aim to progress ideas and actions on important issues, all within a balanced and neutral setting.Forum Global is the international arm of Forum Europe, which was founded by Giles Merritt, columnist for the International Herald Tribune, and is widely recognized as the leading EU dedicated event provider.Headed by a team of events specialists with over 19 years of experience, Forum Global works successfully with businesses, institutions and governments alike. Its strategic services can maintain and develop your key policy networks, and also deliver forums where key issues can be aired and debated.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forum-europe.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/forum-europe.com<\/a>\/<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d652f9\" data-id=\"5d652f9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e39ed5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"e39ed5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-e39ed5c\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/logo.webp\" alt=\"logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-e39ed5c\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/logo.webp\" alt=\"logo\">\n\t\t\tAnalysys Mason\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Analysys Mason is the world&#8217;s leading management consultancy focused on telecoms, media and technology (TMT). We give clarity and confidence in answering our clients&#8217; biggest commercial questions: What strategy will best enhance value? What implementation plan will be most successful? What is the optimal positioning for five years\u2019 time?<\/p><p>We bring together commercial and technical expertise across four interconnected consultancy practices strengthened by globally respected research.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.analysysmason.com\/\">www.analysysmason.com<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d14aa61\" data-id=\"d14aa61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0919c86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"0919c86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-0919c86\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ATDI-logo-new.png\" alt=\"ATDI logo new\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-0919c86\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ATDI-logo-new.png\" alt=\"ATDI logo new\">\n\t\t\tATDI\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We develop powerful software solutions to manage the radio spectrum. Operating since 1988, ATDI is a recognised leader in radio network planning and spectrum management solutions. Our success reflects our customer&#8217;s successes and enables them to stay competitive in a rapidly changing market. Innovation is at the centre of everything we do. It guides decision-making and helps us achieve our business objectives. Innovation helps us define our priorities, expectations and achievements.<\/p><p>www.ATDI.com<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-204b03e\" data-id=\"204b03e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f8ba44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"3f8ba44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-3f8ba44\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/BNE-wp.png\" alt=\"BNE-wp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-3f8ba44\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/BNE-wp.png\" alt=\"BNE-wp\">\n\t\t\tBroadcast Networks Europe\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Broadcast Networks Europe is dedicated to maintaining an efficient and fair regulatory and operational environment for Terrestrial Broadcast Network Operators with a view to ensuring European citizens continue having universal access to a broad range of TV and radio programs and content as well as other over-the-air services.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.broadcast-networks.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.broadcast-networks.eu<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca302e5\" data-id=\"ca302e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8251509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"8251509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-8251509\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Coleago.png\" alt=\"Coleago\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-8251509\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Coleago.png\" alt=\"Coleago\">\n\t\t\tColeago Consulting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Coleago profile for conference website Founded in 2001, Coleago is a specialist telecoms management consulting firm. Our expertise has been developed exclusively within the telecoms sector and delivers a rare combination of telecoms-related commercial and technical skills and experience. Since 2001 we have worked on over 110 spectrum related projects in developed and emerging markets. Since 2017 our spectrum projects included the transition to 5G, including valuating spectrum most relevant for 5G such as 600MHz, 700MHz, 3.5GHz, and mm wave. We advise regulators on spectrum policy, spectrum roadmap, spectrum pricing, spectrum auctions and capacity building on the topic best practice in spectrum auctions. For mobile operators Coleago delivers regulatory advocacy and responses to consultation, spectrum valuation, bid strategy development and live auction support. Coleago also authored complete bid books for spectrum licence awards by means of a beauty contest.\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.coleago.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.coleago.com<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-715b86e\" data-id=\"715b86e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7a6c38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"d7a6c38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-d7a6c38\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Ericsson.png\" alt=\"Ericsson\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-d7a6c38\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Ericsson.png\" alt=\"Ericsson\">\n\t\t\tEricsson\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Ericsson is a world-leading provider of telecommunications equipment and related services to mobile and fixed network operators globally. Over 1,000 networks in more than 180 countries utilize our network equipment and 40 percent of all mobile calls are made through our systems. We are one of the few companies worldwide that can offer end-to-end solutions for all major mobile communication standards. Communication is changing the way we live and work. Ericsson plays a key role in this evolution, using innovation to empower people, business and society. We provide communications networks, telecom services and multimedia solutions, making it easier for people all over the globe to communicate.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"smls-logo-description\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.ericsson.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cca4d4f\" data-id=\"cca4d4f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f98cf5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"f98cf5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-f98cf5f\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/GSMA-2022.png\" alt=\"GSMA 2022\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-f98cf5f\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/GSMA-2022.png\" alt=\"GSMA 2022\">\n\t\t\tGSMA\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The GSMA represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide, uniting nearly 800 operators with more than 250 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem, including handset and device makers, software companies, equipment providers and Internet companies, as well as organisations in adjacent industry sectors. The GSMA also produces industry-leading events such as Mobile World Congress, Mobile World Congress Shanghai and the Mobile 360 Series conferences.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gsma.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.gsma.com<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b15ef5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b15ef5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-64d7e53\" data-id=\"64d7e53\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dfc32a elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"1dfc32a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-1dfc32a\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-1dfc32a\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tGSOA\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">GSOA is a non-profit organisation established with the objective of serving and promoting the common interests of satellite operators from Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the CIS. The Association today represents the interests of 21 satellite operators who deliver information communication services across the globe. Together ESOA Members provide invaluable communications services to the whole world including emergency communications, live broadcasting, maritime and aero communications, secure services for governments, 24-7 monitoring of industrial processes such as energy plants and a whole range of other communications capabilities that society has come to rely on.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/gsoasatellite.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gsoasatellite.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3be61d\" data-id=\"f3be61d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c762fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7c762fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7c762fc\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Huawei-website.png\" alt=\"Huawei website\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7c762fc\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Huawei-website.png\" alt=\"Huawei website\">\n\t\t\tHuawei\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1c742a\" data-id=\"b1c742a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108978a elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"108978a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-108978a\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/intel-website.png\" alt=\"intel website\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-108978a\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/intel-website.png\" alt=\"intel website\">\n\t\t\tIntel\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\"><p>We create world-changing technology that improves the life of every person on\u00a0the planet.<\/p><p>Intel put\u00a0the silicon\u00a0in Silicon Valley.\u00a0For more than 50 years, Intel and our people have had a profound influence on the world, driving business and society forward\u00a0by creating radical innovation\u00a0that revolutionizes the way we live.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Today we are applying our reach, scale, and resources to enable our customers to capitalize more fully on the power of digital technology. Inspired by Moore\u2019s Law, we continuously work to advance the design and manufacturing of semiconductors to help address our\u00a0customers\u2019\u00a0greatest challenges.<\/p><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"smls-logo-description\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/\">https:\/\/www.intel.com\/<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-69e75bd\" data-id=\"69e75bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c333ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2c333ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2c333ef\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Intelsat.png\" alt=\"Intelsat\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2c333ef\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Intelsat.png\" alt=\"Intelsat\">\n\t\t\tIntelsat\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Intelsat S.A. (NYSE: I) operates the world\u2019s first Globalized Network, delivering high-quality, cost-effective video and broadband services anywhere in the world. Intelsat\u2019s Globalized Network combines the world\u2019s largest satellite backbone with terrestrial infrastructure, managed services and an open, interoperable architecture to enable customers to drive revenue and reach through a new generation of network services. Thousands of organizations serving billions of people worldwide rely on Intelsat to provide ubiquitous broadband connectivity, multi-format video broadcasting, secure satellite communications and seamless mobility services. The end result is an entirely new world, one that allows us to envision the impossible, connect without boundaries and transform the ways in which we live.\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"smls-logo-description\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.intelsat.com\"> www.intelsat.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6eb38d\" data-id=\"b6eb38d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550f435 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"550f435\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-550f435\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Meta.jpg\" alt=\"Meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-550f435\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Meta.jpg\" alt=\"Meta\">\n\t\t\tMeta\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Meta builds technologies that help people connect, find communities and grow businesses.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"https:\/\/about.meta.com\/\">https:\/\/about.meta.com\/<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-07b1388\" data-id=\"07b1388\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f3069 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"63f3069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-63f3069\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Nokia.png\" alt=\"Nokia\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-63f3069\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Nokia.png\" alt=\"Nokia\">\n\t\t\tNokia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Nokia is a global leader in creating the technologies at the heart of our connected world. Powered by the research and innovation of Nokia Bell Labs, we serve communications service providers, governments, large enterprises and consumers, with the industry\u2019s most complete, end-to-end portfolio of products, services and licensing.From the enabling infrastructure for 5G and the Internet of Things, to emerging applications in virtual reality and digital health, we are shaping the future of technology to transform the human experience.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nokia.com\">www.nokia.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-90c06be\" data-id=\"90c06be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d6e861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"4d6e861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-4d6e861\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Oneweb.png\" alt=\"Oneweb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-4d6e861\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Oneweb.png\" alt=\"Oneweb\">\n\t\t\tOneWeb\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">OneWeb is a global communications network powered by a constellation of 650 low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Headquartered in London, OneWeb enables high-speed, low latency connectivity for governments, businesses, and communities everywhere around the world. OneWeb\u2019s satellites, network of gateway stations, and range of User Terminals, provide affordable, fast, high bandwidth, low-latency communication services connected to the IOT future, and a pathway to 5G for everyone, everywhere.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oneweb.world\">www.oneweb.world<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-049a19f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"049a19f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b3fbf5\" data-id=\"5b3fbf5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f30ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"12f30ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-12f30ee\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Qualcomm.png\" alt=\"Qualcomm\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-12f30ee\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Qualcomm.png\" alt=\"Qualcomm\">\n\t\t\tQualcomm\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Qualcomm\u2019s technologies powered the smartphone revolution and connected billions of people. While many of our inventions and breakthroughs reside \u201cunder the hood\u201d of consumer electronics, they have transformed the world in a big way. They have helped propel mobile to the forefront of the technology world and to the top of consumers\u2019 wish lists. They have created new opportunities for mobile ecosystem players \u2014 the wireless device makers, the operators, the developers and the content creators of the world. And more recently, our inventions and breakthroughs have inspired fresh, new ideas from those companies \u2014 large and small \u2014 new to the wireless space. We are engineers, scientists and business strategists. Together, we focus on a single goal \u2014 invent mobile technology breakthroughs. We pioneered 3G and 4G \u2014 and now, we are leading the way to 5G and a new era of intelligent, connected devices. Our products are revolutionizing industries including automotive, computing, IoT and healthcare, and are allowing millions of devices to connect with each other in ways never before imagined.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualcomm.com\/\">https:\/\/www.qualcomm.com\/<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f6c02d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"4f6c02d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22febad elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"22febad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-22febad\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-22febad\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tGSOA\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">GSOA is a non-profit organisation established with the objective of serving and promoting the common interests of satellite operators from Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the CIS. The Association today represents the interests of 21 satellite operators who deliver information communication services across the globe. Together ESOA Members provide invaluable communications services to the whole world including emergency communications, live broadcasting, maritime and aero communications, secure services for governments, 24-7 monitoring of industrial processes such as energy plants and a whole range of other communications capabilities that society has come to rely on.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/gsoasatellite.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gsoasatellite.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e87b6f0 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"e87b6f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a229d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"a229d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-a229d0d\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Huawei-website.png\" alt=\"Huawei website\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-a229d0d\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Huawei-website.png\" alt=\"Huawei website\">\n\t\t\tHuawei\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b8857a elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"9b8857a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9df89d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9df89d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9df89d4\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/intel-website.png\" alt=\"intel website\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9df89d4\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/intel-website.png\" alt=\"intel website\">\n\t\t\tIntel\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\"><p>We create world-changing technology that improves the life of every person on\u00a0the planet.<\/p><p>Intel put\u00a0the silicon\u00a0in Silicon Valley.\u00a0For more than 50 years, Intel and our people have had a profound influence on the world, driving business and society forward\u00a0by creating radical innovation\u00a0that revolutionizes the way we live.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Today we are applying our reach, scale, and resources to enable our customers to capitalize more fully on the power of digital technology. Inspired by Moore\u2019s Law, we continuously work to advance the design and manufacturing of semiconductors to help address our\u00a0customers\u2019\u00a0greatest challenges.<\/p><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"smls-logo-description\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/\">https:\/\/www.intel.com\/<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7118ace elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"7118ace\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cb1430 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"6cb1430\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-6cb1430\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Intelsat.png\" alt=\"Intelsat\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-6cb1430\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Intelsat.png\" alt=\"Intelsat\">\n\t\t\tIntelsat\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Intelsat S.A. (NYSE: I) operates the world\u2019s first Globalized Network, delivering high-quality, cost-effective video and broadband services anywhere in the world. Intelsat\u2019s Globalized Network combines the world\u2019s largest satellite backbone with terrestrial infrastructure, managed services and an open, interoperable architecture to enable customers to drive revenue and reach through a new generation of network services. Thousands of organizations serving billions of people worldwide rely on Intelsat to provide ubiquitous broadband connectivity, multi-format video broadcasting, secure satellite communications and seamless mobility services. The end result is an entirely new world, one that allows us to envision the impossible, connect without boundaries and transform the ways in which we live.\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"smls-logo-description\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.intelsat.com\"> www.intelsat.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6080e0f elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"6080e0f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3660827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"3660827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-3660827\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Nokia.png\" alt=\"Nokia\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-3660827\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Nokia.png\" alt=\"Nokia\">\n\t\t\tNokia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Nokia is a global leader in creating the technologies at the heart of our connected world. Powered by the research and innovation of Nokia Bell Labs, we serve communications service providers, governments, large enterprises and consumers, with the industry\u2019s most complete, end-to-end portfolio of products, services and licensing.From the enabling infrastructure for 5G and the Internet of Things, to emerging applications in virtual reality and digital health, we are shaping the future of technology to transform the human experience.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nokia.com\">www.nokia.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb30c33 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"cb30c33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d34ff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"3d34ff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-3d34ff8\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Oneweb.png\" alt=\"Oneweb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-3d34ff8\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Oneweb.png\" alt=\"Oneweb\">\n\t\t\tOneWeb\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">OneWeb is a global communications network powered by a constellation of 650 low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Headquartered in London, OneWeb enables high-speed, low latency connectivity for governments, businesses, and communities everywhere around the world. OneWeb\u2019s satellites, network of gateway stations, and range of User Terminals, provide affordable, fast, high bandwidth, low-latency communication services connected to the IOT future, and a pathway to 5G for everyone, everywhere.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oneweb.world\">www.oneweb.world<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b0b677 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b0b677\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Silver Partner<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb08c22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb08c22\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8486f38\" data-id=\"8486f38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5802bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"b5802bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-b5802bb\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/APWPT.png\" alt=\"APWPT\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-b5802bb\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/APWPT.png\" alt=\"APWPT\">\n\t\t\tAssociation of Professional Wireless Production Technology\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>APWPT is an international association that represents the interests of users and manufacturers of wireless production equipment. Our work focuses on frequency requirements, frequency usage and frequency policy<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-488178f elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"488178f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e471623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"e471623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-e471623\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-e471623\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\tNera Economic Consulting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">NERA Economic Consulting is a global firm of experts dedicated to applying economic, finance, and quantitative principles to complex business and legal challenges. For half a century, NERA\u2019s economists have been creating strategies, studies, reports, expert testimony, and policy recommendations for government authorities and the world\u2019s leading law firms and corporations. We bring academic rigor, objectivity, and real world industry experience to bear on issues arising from competition, regulation, public policy, strategy, finance, and litigation. NERA\u2019s clients value our ability to apply and communicate state-of-the-art approaches clearly and convincingly, our commitment to deliver unbiased findings, and our reputation for quality and independence. Our clients rely on the integrity and skills of our unparalleled team of economists and other experts backed by the resources and reliability of one of the world\u2019s largest economic consultancies. With its main office in New York City, NERA serves clients from more than 25 offices across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nera.com\">www.nera.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b617d3e elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"b617d3e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f94c38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9f94c38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9f94c38\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9f94c38\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\tNera Economic Consulting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">NERA Economic Consulting is a global firm of experts dedicated to applying economic, finance, and quantitative principles to complex business and legal challenges. For half a century, NERA\u2019s economists have been creating strategies, studies, reports, expert testimony, and policy recommendations for government authorities and the world\u2019s leading law firms and corporations. We bring academic rigor, objectivity, and real world industry experience to bear on issues arising from competition, regulation, public policy, strategy, finance, and litigation. NERA\u2019s clients value our ability to apply and communicate state-of-the-art approaches clearly and convincingly, our commitment to deliver unbiased findings, and our reputation for quality and independence. Our clients rely on the integrity and skills of our unparalleled team of economists and other experts backed by the resources and reliability of one of the world\u2019s largest economic consultancies. With its main office in New York City, NERA serves clients from more than 25 offices across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nera.com\">www.nera.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b9eb46 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"8b9eb46\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab99a29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"ab99a29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-ab99a29\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-ab99a29\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\tNera Economic Consulting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">NERA Economic Consulting is a global firm of experts dedicated to applying economic, finance, and quantitative principles to complex business and legal challenges. For half a century, NERA\u2019s economists have been creating strategies, studies, reports, expert testimony, and policy recommendations for government authorities and the world\u2019s leading law firms and corporations. We bring academic rigor, objectivity, and real world industry experience to bear on issues arising from competition, regulation, public policy, strategy, finance, and litigation. NERA\u2019s clients value our ability to apply and communicate state-of-the-art approaches clearly and convincingly, our commitment to deliver unbiased findings, and our reputation for quality and independence. Our clients rely on the integrity and skills of our unparalleled team of economists and other experts backed by the resources and reliability of one of the world\u2019s largest economic consultancies. With its main office in New York City, NERA serves clients from more than 25 offices across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nera.com\">www.nera.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3dcbe5 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"f3dcbe5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea30355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"ea30355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-ea30355\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-ea30355\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-70455b7 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"70455b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8f44e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"f8f44e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-f8f44e7\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-f8f44e7\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-722a54d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"722a54d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2084bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2084bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Knowledge Partners<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-387a12f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"387a12f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fedc49a\" data-id=\"fedc49a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d433be2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"d433be2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-d433be2\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Aetha-2021-logo.png\" alt=\"Aetha 2021 logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-d433be2\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Aetha-2021-logo.png\" alt=\"Aetha 2021 logo\">\n\t\t\tAetha Consulting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">Aetha Consulting provides strategic advice to the telecommunications industry and specialises in undertaking rigorous data-driven quantitative assessments to help businesses, regulators and policy makers make major strategic and regulatory decisions. We work with our clients to develop creative and sustainable solutions to the challenges facing them in a constantly changing environment. Aetha helps operators and regulators to analyse the opportunities and threats arising out of changes (whether real or proposed) in their radio spectrum holdings. Throughout the recent unprecedented growth of wireless services, Aetha&#8217;s staff have been at the forefront of spectrum policy. Our consultants have assisted regulators to award spectrum and develop regulatory frameworks, including supporting the European Commission to tackle issues such as spectrum trading and the digital dividend. We also support operators to understand their spectrum needs, value spectrum and bid in auctions. Each year we support 10-15 bidders in spectrum auctions &#8211; a total of over 80 award processes between mid-2011 and 2017 across all regions of the world. Our technical knowledge, combined with our rigorous valuation modelling approach, ensures that our clients are comprehensively prepared for auctions.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aethaconsulting.com\">www.aethaconsulting.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c125f4\" data-id=\"8c125f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aab4abe elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"aab4abe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-aab4abe\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-aab4abe\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NERA-wordpress-logo.png\" alt=\"NERA-wordpress-logo\">\n\t\t\tNera Economic Consulting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smls-logo-description\">NERA Economic Consulting is a global firm of experts dedicated to applying economic, finance, and quantitative principles to complex business and legal challenges. For half a century, NERA\u2019s economists have been creating strategies, studies, reports, expert testimony, and policy recommendations for government authorities and the world\u2019s leading law firms and corporations. We bring academic rigor, objectivity, and real world industry experience to bear on issues arising from competition, regulation, public policy, strategy, finance, and litigation. NERA\u2019s clients value our ability to apply and communicate state-of-the-art approaches clearly and convincingly, our commitment to deliver unbiased findings, and our reputation for quality and independence. Our clients rely on the integrity and skills of our unparalleled team of economists and other experts backed by the resources and reliability of one of the world\u2019s largest economic consultancies. With its main office in New York City, NERA serves clients from more than 25 offices across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nera.com\">www.nera.com<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce591dd elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"ce591dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee6e271 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"ee6e271\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-ee6e271\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-ee6e271\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1368d9 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"d1368d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1511f elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"ec1511f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-ec1511f\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-ec1511f\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3daf4a elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"b3daf4a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d99db82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"d99db82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-d99db82\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-d99db82\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0fee0e5 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"0fee0e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03627dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"03627dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-03627dc\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-03627dc\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/GSOA.png\" alt=\"GSOA\">\n\t\t\tModal Box Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Box Content\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-14 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7e50db elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"d7e50db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c5a539 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c5a539\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"speakers\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d21dda8\" data-id=\"d21dda8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2d7627 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2d7627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">Speakers Included<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d6e8d premium-unfold-btn-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-unfold-addon\" data-id=\"d1d6e8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_unfold_button_fold_text&quot;:&quot;View More Speakers&quot;,&quot;premium_unfold_button_unfold_text&quot;:&quot;Hide Speakers&quot;,&quot;premium_unfold_fold_height_select&quot;:&quot;pixel&quot;,&quot;premium_unfold_fold_height_pix&quot;:400,&quot;premium_unfold_fold_height_pix_tablet&quot;:100,&quot;premium_unfold_fold_height_pix_mobile&quot;:100,&quot;premium_unfold_fold_dur_select&quot;:&quot;fast&quot;,&quot;premium_unfold_fold_easing&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;,&quot;premium_unfold_unfold_dur_select&quot;:&quot;fast&quot;,&quot;premium_unfold_unfold_easing&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-unfold-addon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class='premium-unfold-container'>\n\t\t\t<div class='premium-unfold-folder'>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-unfold-content-d1d6e8d\" class=\"premium-unfold-content toggled\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-unfold-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-78b3373:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-78b3373 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:#F6CD46;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-78b3373{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-78b3373 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2f462f8b .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2f462f8b .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2f462f8b .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2f462f8b .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2f462f8b .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-67186297 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1a67e540 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1a67e540 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f269a40 .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f269a40 .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f269a40 .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f269a40 .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f269a40 .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7ab6efa6 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-119e0f43 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-119e0f43 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7272d94 .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7272d94 .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7272d94 .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7272d94 .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7272d94 .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-86de679 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7814091 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7814091 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-302820ea .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-302820ea .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-302820ea .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-302820ea .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-302820ea .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-79b56338 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-573ff1ea .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-573ff1ea > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-46733b4 .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-46733b4 .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-46733b4 .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-46733b4 .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-46733b4 .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-76deca8e .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ec95007 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ec95007 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2776029 .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2776029 .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2776029 .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2776029 .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2776029 .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4665abc .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-540d6a6 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-540d6a6 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70d2c7bb .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70d2c7bb .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70d2c7bb .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70d2c7bb .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70d2c7bb .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-23a2ed32 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-455bc448 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-455bc448 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4bfa118 .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4bfa118 .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4bfa118 .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4bfa118 .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4bfa118 .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d41d90d .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0fe2db2 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0fe2db2 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7d155af 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.premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f8cd2 .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f8cd2 .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f8cd2 .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f8cd2 .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3781c9e .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-acad521 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-acad521 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-71120b1 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.premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97a6b4b .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97a6b4b .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97a6b4b .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97a6b4b .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-945908d .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bb219f7 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bb219f7 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1e770dc .premium-modal-trigger-container{text-align:center;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1e770dc .premium-modal-trigger-btn, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1e770dc .premium-modal-trigger-text, .elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1e770dc .premium-modal-trigger-img{border-radius:0px;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1e770dc .premium-modal-box-modal-dialog{overflow:auto;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8cf603a .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99a24a1 .elementor-heading-title{color:#FFFFFF;font-family:\"Nunito\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2313 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99a24a1 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-15px 0px 0px 0px;}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2313\" class=\"elementor elementor-2313\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78b3373 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78b3373\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c29414\" data-id=\"8c29414\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-31f472f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31f472f9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c4af0c7\" data-id=\"4c4af0c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f462f8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2f462f8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2f462f8b\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/silence-240.png\" alt=\"silence 240\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2f462f8b\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/silence-240.png\" alt=\"silence 240\">\n\t\t\tKhumbudzo Phophi Silence Ntshavheni, Minister for Communications and Digital Technologies of South Africa\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ms Khumbudzo Ntshavheni is the Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies. She holds an MBA degree from the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom. She is also a graduate of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), where she read for her undergraduate degree in Political Science and concurrently completed two postgraduate degrees in Development Studies and Labour Relations. She matriculated from Mbilwi Secondary school in Sibasa, Limpopo. Mbilwi remains one of the best performing public schools.<\/p><p>She started her career as a junior lecturer at the University Of South Africa (UNISA) and then proceeded to be South Africa&#8217;s youngest and first female Spokesperson of a Premier (Premier Ramatlhodi of Northern Province\/ Limpopo). She later worked as a Chief Information Officer for the department of Local Government and Housing (Limpopo) and a Manager for Tourism Investment for the Trade and Investment Limpopo (TIL). Ms Ntshavheni was once the youngest Municipal Manager in South Africa when she worked in that position for the Ba- Phalaborwa Municipal Council and she also worked as Chief Operations Officer at the State IT Agency (SITA).<\/p><p>Her political career cuts across both the student and youth movements. She was the youngest activist and part of the leadership of the South African Youth Congress (SAYCO) in the then Northern Transvaal. She was part of the young student activists who mobilised and led the Congress of South African Students (COSAS) after it had unbanned itself in 1989.<\/p><p>On the day of the release of President Nelson Mandela, she addressed the Far Northern Transvaal sub-region&#8217;s (present day Vhembe Region) impromptu celebration rally on behalf of the Pioneers Movement she was leading. At the age of 14, she convinced President Nelson Mandela to adopt 16 years as the voting age of South Africa during the CODESA negotiations (this was when President Cyril Ramaphosa was the Secretary-General of the ANC). She has led both the youth and student movement at various capacity, including national executive committees. She has also led the ANC in her home Province of Limpopo including at the Provincial Executive Committee level, which she was also a Spokesperson for.<br \/>Before joining the 6th Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, Ms Ntshavheni was a serial entrepreneur with interests in transport, FMCG and agriculture.<\/p><p>His Excellency, President Cyril Ramaphosa appointed her the Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies on 05 August 2021. She was previously appointed Minister for Small Business Development on 29 May 2019 and acting Minister in the Presidency on 27 January 2021 until 05 August 2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67186297 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67186297\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Khumbudzo Phophi Silence Ntshavheni<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a67e540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a67e540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Minister for Communications and Digital Technologies of South Africa<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-604238e6\" data-id=\"604238e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f269a40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"6f269a40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-6f269a40\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/charley-lewis-240.png\" alt=\"charley lewis 240\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-6f269a40\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/charley-lewis-240.png\" alt=\"charley lewis 240\">\n\t\t\tCharley Lewis, Acting Chairperson, ICASA\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Charley Lewis (PhD, MComm) has extensive experience across the field of ICT sector policy and regulation, ranging from telecommunications and broadcasting to broadband and the Internet. His knowledge and expertise covers a wide array of key areas. These range from universal access and service, through the digital divide, consumer protection, quality of service, statistics and indicators, to spectrum management and the 4<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0industrial revolution.<\/p><p>Dr Lewis\u2019 varied career includes: High School Teacher of Mathematics and English; Information Systems Analyst; HoD IT at COSATU (Congress of SA Trade Unions); Senior Lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand; and Independent Analyst and Researcher. He has managed and taught professional development and academic courses on ICT policy and regulation to policy-makers, regulators and industry practitioners.<\/p><p>Dr Lewis holds a BA Hons in English, a Higher Education Diploma, an M Comm in Management of Information Systems, and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He is a published author, with his book,\u00a0<em>Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa: Universal Access and Service<\/em>\u00a0(Palgrave Press, 2020) following on from the research for his award-winning PhD thesis.<\/p><p>Dr Lewis recently served on the Ministerial Task Team on Post-Covid-19 Economic Response Strategy, having previously been appointed to serve on South Africa\u2019s national ICT Policy Review Panel (2012-2015).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab6efa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ab6efa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charley Lewis<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-119e0f43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"119e0f43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Acting Chairperson, ICASA<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fc36b91\" data-id=\"2fc36b91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7272d94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7272d94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7272d94\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/John-Omo.jpeg\" alt=\"John Omo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7272d94\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/John-Omo.jpeg\" alt=\"John Omo\">\n\t\t\tJohn Omo, Secretary General, ATU\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86de679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86de679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">John Omo\n\n\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7814091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7814091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Secretary General\nATU<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-186c8cf5\" data-id=\"186c8cf5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-302820ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"302820ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-302820ea\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mario-Maniewicz-2.png\" alt=\"Mario Maniewicz\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-302820ea\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mario-Maniewicz-2.png\" alt=\"Mario Maniewicz\">\n\t\t\tMario Maniewicz, Director BR, ITU\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4530759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"4530759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><div class=\"container premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{\"><div id=\"premium-modal-4530759\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal premium-in\" role=\"dialog\"><div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog animated fadeInDown animated-fast\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\"><div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-content\"><div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\"><p>Mr. Mario Maniewicz was elected Director of the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2018 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He took office on 1 January 2019.<\/p><p>Mario Maniewicz is an electronic engineer specialized in telecommunications. He has been with the ITU for over 30 years, where he has held various positions of responsibility in the Radiocommunication and Development Bureaux as well as in ITU Regional Offices.<\/p><p>As Director, Mr. Maniewicz is responsible for the management of the Radiocommunication Bureau, which organizes and co-ordinates the work of the Radiocommunication Sector whose aim is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><button class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" type=\"button\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">Close<\/button><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c86927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c86927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79b56338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79b56338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mario Maniewicz\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-573ff1ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"573ff1ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Director, BR<br>\nITU<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-77c44112\" data-id=\"77c44112\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46733b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"46733b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-46733b4\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kezias-MWALE-5-2.png\" alt=\"Kezias MWALE 5 (2)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-46733b4\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kezias-MWALE-5-2.png\" alt=\"Kezias MWALE 5 (2)\">\n\t\t\tKezias Mwale, Radiocommunications Coordinator, ATU\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kezias Mwale is Radiocommunications Coordinator at African Telecommunications Union.\u00a0 He started his spectrum management career as a junior engineer in 2003 at the Zambia ICT Authority, rising to manager spectrum management in 2010 \u2013 a position he held until his appointment by the African Telecommunications Union (ATU) as a Radiocommunications Coordinator in 2012. He has been a keen and active contributor to national, regional and international spectrum management successes including development of the first Zambian national spectrum plan, the SADC spectrum plan, the GE-06 Conference during which he was appointed one of the planning experts for Eastern and Southern Africa. He has immensely contributed to the current improved status of Radiocommunications affairs of ATU.<\/p><p>Mr Mwale holds an MSc in Broadband and Mobile Communications with distinction from the University of Kent (2008), and an MBA from the University of Nicosia (2017).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76deca8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"76deca8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kezias Mwale\n\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec95007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec95007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Radiocommunication Coordinator\n<br> ATU<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee0b816 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee0b816\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-80206e5\" data-id=\"80206e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2776029 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"2776029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-2776029\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla.webp\" alt=\"Elizabeth Migwalla\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-2776029\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla.webp\" alt=\"Elizabeth Migwalla\">\n\t\t\tElizabeth Migwalla, Senior Director of Government Affairs for MEA, Qualcomm\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Elizabeth Migwalla is Senior Director and Head of Government Affairs (Africa) for Qualcomm International Incorporated (Qualcomm). In this role, which she has held for eight years, Elizabeth interfaces directly with key government ministries, regulatory authorities as well as regional and international regulatory forums, in order to drive the adoption of advanced broadband wireless technologies and service on the continent.<br \/><br \/>Elizabeth\u2019s distinguished career in various aspects of telecommunications engineering, operations, services and policy spans more than 31 years. She has built a reputation as one of Africa\u2019s leading experts on communications policy through her many accomplishments during this period. In 2012 Elizabeth was named among the top 50 female executives in Middle East and Africa by CommsMEA magazine.<br \/><br \/>Prior to joining Qualcomm Elizabeth served The Boeing Company as its Regional Director for Regulatory Affairs for four years. Elizabeth also performed a similar role for ICO Global Communications for a period of five years.<br \/><br \/>Before entering the private sector in 1997, Elizabeth worked at the Kenya Post and Telecommunications Corporation, as both head of its International Services and Planning and Engineering departments. Elizabeth holds Bachelor\u2019s and Master\u2019s degrees in Engineering from the University of Nairobi (Kenya), and an MBA from Bond University in Australia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4665abc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4665abc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elizabeth Migwalla\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-540d6a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"540d6a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vice President Government Affairs<br>Qualcomm<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cfb9e4\" data-id=\"3cfb9e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70d2c7bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"70d2c7bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-70d2c7bb\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Hazem-Moakkit.png\" alt=\"Hazem Moakkit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-70d2c7bb\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Hazem-Moakkit.png\" alt=\"Hazem Moakkit\">\n\t\t\tMohaned Juwad, Director Spectrum Policy, Intelsat\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHazem Moakkit is a veteran of the satellite industry where he has worked for over 22 years in various capacities. He currently serves as the Vice President of Spectrum Development at O3b Networks where he leads the creation and implementation of O3b\u2019s global spectrum strategy.\nPrior to O3b, Hazem spent 5 years at Yahsat in the United Arab Emirates as the Director or Regulatory &#038; Spectrum Affairs where he created and managed the spectrum strategy, and was a key member of the corporate strategy team. Mr. Moakkit led the acquisition of vital orbital assets for the start-up operator and worked closely with regulators to obtain the required licenses. He was also instrumental in formulating the expansion strategy for Yahsat in Africa and South America.\nPrior to joining Yahsat, Mr. Moakkit worked in various roles at Intelsat (previously PanAmSat) where he rose through the ranks to become a key member of the spectrum &#038; regulatory group in Washington. There, Mr. Moakkit was responsible for frequency coordination activities for the Intelsat fleet of over 50 satellites spanning multiple administrations. During his tenure, he also worked in various system and sales engineering roles.\nEarly on in his career, Mr. Moakkit was a system integrator at ATCI, a nascent yet ambitious satellite system integrator based in Mesa, Arizona. While at ATCI he gained valuable hands-on experience designing, building and operating RF systems for Fortune 500 clients.\nMr. Moakkit holds a bachelor\u2019s degree in Electrical Engineering from Arizona State University, an MBA degree from Georgetown University.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a2ed32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"23a2ed32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hazem Moakkit<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455bc448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"455bc448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vice President, Spectrum Strategy, Intelsat<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f345261\" data-id=\"f345261\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bfa118 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"4bfa118\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-4bfa118\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Dr-Bienvenu-AGBOKPONTO-SOGLO_Headshot_Intel-copy.png\" alt=\"256Dr Bienvenu AGBOKPONTO SOGLO_Headshot_Intel copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-4bfa118\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Dr-Bienvenu-AGBOKPONTO-SOGLO_Headshot_Intel-copy.png\" alt=\"256Dr Bienvenu AGBOKPONTO SOGLO_Headshot_Intel copy\">\n\t\t\tBienvenu Agbokponto Soglo, Director, Government Affairs Africa, Intel\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>Dr. Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo is the Director, Government Affairs Africa &amp; IGA CTO Liaison, and a Principal Engineer at Intel Corporation. In his current role, Dr Agbokponto Soglo is responsible for developing policy strategies and advocating for favourable government policies, regulations, and standards to support Intel&#8217;s business interests in Africa. He leads the policy and government affairs work in Africa in areas such as 5G, broadband, artificial intelligence, privacy and security and other digital transformation policies. In addition, he also leads engagements with Universities, Research Institutions, NGOs in the International Government Affairs (IGA) group; for research focused on emerging technologies and projects\/initiatives at the intersection of policy and technology.<\/p><p>He has more than 17 years\u2019 experience and a strong track record working in the ICT and telecommunication industry with expertise in mobile telecommunication technologies, global and regional spectrum policy, broadband strategy, corporate social responsibility, as well as governmental ICT policies. Before joining Intel Corporation in 2018, Dr Agbokponto Soglo worked at Qualcomm for more than 10 years, first as Staff Engineer then as Government Affairs Director for West and Central Africa. Prior to that, he worked at Huawei Technologies as Wireless Product Manager.<\/p><p>He has published several technical papers on Network Control Systems in International Journals and Conferences, including in the European Journal of Control. He has also presented at many international forums, conferences and meetings across the globe including at the WTO and the ITU; and held leadership positions in ITU-R Working Party 5D; and is the Chair of the GSA ATU Spectrum team.<\/p><p>Dr. Agbokponto Soglo holds a Ph.D. degree in Control Science &amp; Engineering from Beijing Tsinghua University (2005), an MSc in Control Theory &amp; Control Engineering from Dalian University of Technology (2002), and a BSc in Automatic Control from Dalian Maritime University (1999), China. He has excellent proficiency in English, French and Mandarin.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d41d90d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d41d90d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fe2db2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0fe2db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Director, Government Affairs, Intel<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d445cf\" data-id=\"8d445cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d155af elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7d155af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7d155af\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Scott_McKenzie-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Scott_McKenzie copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7d155af\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Scott_McKenzie-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Scott_McKenzie copy\">\n\t\t\tScott McKenzie, Director, Coleago Consulting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scott has over 20 years experience in the telecoms sector. Formerly the Chief Strategy Officer for KPN\u2019s International Mobile division and CEO of KPN\u2019s \u20ac1bn Mobile Wholesale business. Prior to that he worked in the City as an equity analyst and earlier in his career for Arthur D. Little, Ericsson and Telstra. He holds a BE in electrical engineering from Melbourne University and an MBA from Oxford University. During the past years, Scott has run many LTE strategy and spectrum valuation and auction projects.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45e0ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45e0ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scott McKenzie<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9107ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9107ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Director, Coleago Consulting<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-536a608\" data-id=\"536a608\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f8cd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"97f8cd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-97f8cd2\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nada-Abdelhafez.png\" alt=\"Nada Abdelhafez\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-97f8cd2\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nada-Abdelhafez.png\" alt=\"Nada Abdelhafez\">\n\t\t\tNada Abdelhafez, Head of Spectrum &amp; Regulatory Affairs, MEA region, Shure (on behalf of APWPT)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nada Abdelhafez is Head of Spectrum &amp; Regulatory Affairs for Middle East and Africa at Shure Inc. In her role, she educates and promotes the spectrum needs for the PMSE industry in the MEA region. She influences regulations, ensures access for spectrum, advocates spectrum policy and promotes new technologies for audio PMSE. Nada works closely with administrations, regulatory authorities and policy makers to enable PMSE in MEA.<\/p><p>Before joining Shure, Nada worked for Etisalat UAE, where she was involved in various activities related to spectrum management, technology standardization and technology regulatory support.<\/p><p>Nada holds a Master\u2019s degree in Electrical Engineering and has several publications related to optimization and deep learning in audio and video streaming.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3781c9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3781c9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nada Abdelhafez\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acad521 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"acad521\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Head of Spectrum & Regulatory Affairs, MEA region, Shure (on behalf of APWPT)<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f43e691 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f43e691\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c4fb86\" data-id=\"0c4fb86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71120b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"71120b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-71120b1\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Amr-Ashour-256.jpg\" alt=\"Amr Ashour 256\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-71120b1\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Amr-Ashour-256.jpg\" alt=\"Amr Ashour 256\">\n\t\t\tAmr Ashour, Senior Manager, Government and Regulatory Engagement, OneWeb\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Amr Ashour an Engineer graduated in 2005 holds a Bachelor of Science (B.SC.) degree in Engineering and Technology, Electrical Engineering specialization (Electronics Engineering and communication technology Branch). Specialized in Regulatory, Market Access and business development of Telecommunication aspects of Satellites systems and Networks for 15+ years.<\/p><p>During his area of expertise, he was exposed to several expertise and challenges, to have wide knowledge and experience in the International Radio Regulations, Radio Spectrum, Market Access, business development, telecommunications legislation, governments policies, negotiations, and licensing, which allows him to manage complex and innovative projects in challenging environment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d192975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d192975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amr Ashour<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ad2dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41ad2dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Senior Manager, Government & Regulatory Engagement, OneWeb<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e2f095\" data-id=\"3e2f095\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-470ef47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"470ef47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-470ef47\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Eiman-photo.jpeg\" alt=\"Eiman-photo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-470ef47\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Eiman-photo.jpeg\" alt=\"Eiman-photo\">\n\t\t\tEiman Mohyeldin, Global Head of Spectrum Standardization, Nokia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eiman Mohyeldin is the global Head of Spectrum Standardization for Nokia, responsible for defining and executing Nokia\u2019s spectrum strategy and leading Nokia\u2019s engagement on spectrum matters with customers, regulators authorities and partners in the ecosystem worldwide. She is actively involved in the World Radio Conference (WRC) process, participating in the WRC Conferences and preparatory meetings (CPM). Eiman has also contributed and led groups for the IMT technology process (4G, 5G and recently the 6G) in ITU and CEPT. Eiman is Co-Coordinator in CEPT\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/myitu\/News\/2020\/11\/27\/18\/29\/NOW4WRC23-inspiring-new-generation-women-in-radiocommunications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NOW4WRC23<\/a>\u00a0promoting gender equity and parity in CEPT and IT<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f9c60c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f9c60c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eiman Mohyeldin<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5654861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5654861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Global Head of Spectrum Standardization, Nokia<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dfea852\" data-id=\"dfea852\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4cc18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"e4cc18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-e4cc18d\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Marius-Engelbrecht.png\" alt=\"Marius Engelbrecht\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-e4cc18d\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Marius-Engelbrecht.png\" alt=\"Marius Engelbrecht\">\n\t\t\tMarius Engelbrecht, Senior Strategy Consultant, Southern Africa Region Public Relations Department, Huawei \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With 30+ years experience in the Telecommunication Industry Marius has held various Senior positions with extensive exposure to the Middle East and Africa pertaining to Product Management, Network Engineering, deployment and integration of Telecoms technologies. He is currently in the portfolio of Senior Strategy Consultant for Huawei Southern Africa Region.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05db0c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"05db0c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marius Engelbrecht<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a259df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a259df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Senior Strategy Consultant, Southern Africa Region Public Relations Department, Huawei<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fe944a\" data-id=\"4fe944a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f6d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"33f6d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-33f6d0c\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/25_Kamal_Tamawa.png\" alt=\"25_Kamal_Tamawa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-33f6d0c\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/25_Kamal_Tamawa.png\" alt=\"25_Kamal_Tamawa\">\n\t\t\tKamal Tamawa, Public Policy Director, GSMA\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kamal is a Policy Manager on the Africa Team. In his role, Kamal is involved in the delivery of GSMA Advocacy programmes in the Sub-Saharan Africa region and the dissemination of messages on a wide variety of policy topics, including Spectrum.<\/p><p>He has worked with the Nigerian Telecoms Regulator and, prior to joining the GSMA, he worked with Etisalat Nigeria where he managed Regulatory Compliance, Spectrum Policy and Technical Regulatory matters. Kamal has also been a member of the Technical Advisory Committee that prepares Nigeria\u2019 s participation at International fora on spectrum and other technical matters.<\/p><p>Kamal holds a B.Sc in Computer Engineering from the American University of Cyprus and an M.Sc in Mobile and Personal Communications from King\u2019s College London. In his spare time, he indulges in Photography and has been witnessed cheering for Manchester United.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ea121 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77ea121\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kamal Tamawa<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88408b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"88408b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Director of Public Policy, SSA, GSMA<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e834ba2\" data-id=\"e834ba2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba0cc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"6ba0cc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-6ba0cc1\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/frans.png\" alt=\"frans\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-6ba0cc1\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/frans.png\" alt=\"frans\">\n\t\t\tJoe Frans, AUB Expert, Broadcast Networks Europe\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4197458 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4197458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Joe Frans<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8c9ede elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d8c9ede\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AUB Expert, Broadcast Networks Europe<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-08d1230 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08d1230\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-de468c4\" data-id=\"de468c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c437d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"6c437d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-6c437d7\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/El-Hadjar-Abdouramane.png\" alt=\"El Hadjar Abdouramane\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-6c437d7\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/El-Hadjar-Abdouramane.png\" alt=\"El Hadjar Abdouramane\">\n\t\t\tEl Hadjar Abdouramane, Chairman, ATU Working Group on Fixed and Mobile Services for WRC-23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13bad14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13bad14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El Hadjar Abdouramane<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-448f7a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"448f7a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chairman, ATU Working Group on Fixed and Mobile Services for WRC-23<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c50b\" data-id=\"0a4c50b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add0d5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"add0d5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-add0d5c\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Abraham-Oshadami.jpeg\" alt=\"Abraham Oshadami\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-add0d5c\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Abraham-Oshadami.jpeg\" alt=\"Abraham Oshadami\">\n\t\t\tAbraham Oshadami, Head of Information Technology Department, NCC Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8a1a23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8a1a23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abraham Oshadami<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fcd3e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3fcd3e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Head of Information Technology Department, NCC Nigeria<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ac7b2\" data-id=\"16ac7b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b4099 elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"e0b4099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-e0b4099\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fargani-Tambeayuk.png\" alt=\"Fargani Tambeayuk\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-e0b4099\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fargani-Tambeayuk.png\" alt=\"Fargani Tambeayuk\">\n\t\t\tFargani Tambeayuk, Head of Connectivity Policy, SSA, Meta\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc3151 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7dc3151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fargani Tambeayuk<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5377c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a5377c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Head of Connectivity Policy, SSA, Meta<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b1c156\" data-id=\"6b1c156\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a6b4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"97a6b4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-97a6b4b\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basebi-e1666797213737.jpg\" alt=\"Basebi\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-97a6b4b\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basebi-e1666797213737.jpg\" alt=\"Basebi\">\n\t\t\tBasebi Mosinyi - Vice-Chairperson ATU WG4B-Satellite Issues and Deputy Director, Spectrum Management, BOCRA \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-945908d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"945908d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basebi Mosinyi<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb219f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb219f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vice-Chairperson ATU WG4B-Satellite Issues and Deputy Director, Spectrum Management,\nBOCRA\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-45794ad\" data-id=\"45794ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e770dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"1e770dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;premium_modal_box_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;trigger&quot;:&quot;image&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-1e770dc\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-img\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Peter-Zimri.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Zimri\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-1e770dc\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Peter-Zimri.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Zimri\">\n\t\t\tPeter Zimri, Councillor, ICASA\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClose\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cf603a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cf603a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Peter Zimri<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99a24a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99a24a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Councillor, ICASA<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-unfold-gradient-d1d6e8d\" class=\"premium-unfold-gradient toggled\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-button premium-btn-sm\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-unfold-button-text\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d139cc Agenda elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d139cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"Agenda\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba2fa92\" data-id=\"ba2fa92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90de9a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90de9a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agenda<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e3f92e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7e3f92e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"help-text\">You can view the agenda in your preferred time zone by selecting it from the list below.<\/span><br>\n<select id=\"tzPicker\">\n    <option value='10.5'>Australian Central Daylight Savings Time (UTC+10:30)<\/option>\n<option value='9.5'>Australian Central Standard Time (UTC+9:30)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Acre Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='8.75'>Australian Central Western Standard Time (UTC+8:45)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Australian Eastern Daylight Savings Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='10'>Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10)<\/option>\n<option value='4.5'>Afghanistan Time (UTC+4:30)<\/option>\n<option value='-8'>Alaska Daylight Time (UTC-8)<\/option>\n<option value='-9'>Alaska Standard Time (UTC-9)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Amazon Summer Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Amazon Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Armenia Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Argentina Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Atlantic Standard Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>Arabia Standard Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Atlantic Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Australian Western Standard Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='0'>Azores Summer Time (UTC+0)<\/option>\n<option value='-1'>Azores Standard Time (UTC-1)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Azerbaijan Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Brunei Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='-12'>Baker Island Time (UTC-12)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Brunei Darussalam Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Bolivia Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='-2'>Brasilia Summer Time (UTC-2)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Brasilia Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='1'>British Summer Time (UTC+1)<\/option>\n<option value='6'>Bangladesh Standard Time (UTC+6)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Bougainville Standard Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='6'>Bhutan Time (UTC+6)<\/option>\n<option value='2'>Central Africa Time (UTC+2)<\/option>\n<option value='6.5'>Cocos Islands Time (UTC+6:30)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Central Daylight Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Cuba Daylight Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='2'>Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)<\/option>\n<option value='1'>Central European Time (UTC+1)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Choibalsan Summer Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Choibalsan Standard Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='10'>Chamorro Standard Time (UTC+10)<\/option>\n<option value='10'>Chuuk Time (UTC+10)<\/option>\n<option value='-8'>Clipperton Island Standard Time (UTC-8)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Central Indonesia Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='-10'>Cook Island Time (UTC-10)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Chile Summer Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Chile Standard Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Colombia Summer Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Colombia Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='-6'>Central Standard Time (UTC-6)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Cuba Standard Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>China Standard Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='-6'>Central Time (UTC-6)<\/option>\n<option value='-1'>Cape Verde Time (UTC-1)<\/option>\n<option value='8.75'>Central Western Standard Time (UTC+8:45)<\/option>\n<option value='7'>Christmas Island Time (UTC+7)<\/option>\n<option value='7'>Davis Time (UTC+7)<\/option>\n<option value='10'>Dumont d'Urville Time (UTC+10)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Easter Island Summer Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='-6'>Easter Island Standard Time (UTC-6)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>East Africa Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Ecuador Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='2'>Eastern European Time (UTC+2)<\/option>\n<option value='0'>Eastern Greenland Summer Time (UTC+0)<\/option>\n<option value='-1'>Eastern Greenland Time (UTC-1)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Eastern Indonesian Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Eastern Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>Further-eastern European Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Fiji Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Falkland Islands Summer Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Falkland Islands Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='-2'>Fernando de Noronha Time (UTC-2)<\/option>\n<option value='-6'>Galapagos Time (UTC-6)<\/option>\n<option value='-9'>Gambier Islands (UTC-9)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Georgia Standard Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>French Guiana Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Gilbert Island Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='-9'>Gambier Island Time (UTC-9)<\/option>\n<option value='0'>Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Gulf Standard Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='-2'>South Georgia Time (UTC-2)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Guyana Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='-9'>Hawaii-Aleutian Daylight Time (UTC-9)<\/option>\n<option value='-10'>Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (UTC-10)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Hong Kong Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Heard and McDonald Islands Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Khovd Summer Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='7'>Khovd Standard Time (UTC+7)<\/option>\n<option value='7'>Indochina Time (UTC+7)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>Israel Daylight Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='6'>Indian Chagos Time (UTC+6)<\/option>\n<option value='4.5'>Iran Daylight Time (UTC+4:30)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Irkutsk Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='3.5'>Iran Standard Time (UTC+3:30)<\/option>\n<option value='5.5'>Indian Standard Time (UTC+5:30)<\/option>\n<option value='1'>Irish Standard Time (UTC+1)<\/option>\n<option value='2'>Israel Standard Time (UTC+2)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='6'>Kyrgyzstan time (UTC+6)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Kosrae Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='7'>Krasnoyarsk Time (UTC+7)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Korea Standard Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Lord Howe Daylight Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='10.5'>Lord Howe Standard Time (UTC+10:30)<\/option>\n<option value='14'>Line Islands Time (UTC+14)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Magadan Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='-9.5'>Marquesas Islands Time (UTC-9:30)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Mawson Station Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='-6'>Mountain Daylight Time (UTC-6)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Marshall Islands (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Macquarie Island Station Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='-9.5'>Marquesas Islands Time (UTC-9:30)<\/option>\n<option value='6.5'>Myanmar Standard Time (UTC+6:30)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>Moscow Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='-7'>Mountain Standard Time (UTC-7)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Malaysia Standard Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='-7'>Mountain Time (UTC-7)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Mauritius Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Maldives Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Malaysia Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>New Caledonia Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='-2.5'>Newfoundland Daylight Time (UTC-2:30)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Norfolk Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='5.75'>Nepal Time (UTC+5:45)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Nauru Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='-3.5'>Newfoundland Standard Time (UTC-3:30)<\/option>\n<option value='-3.5'>Newfoundland Time (UTC-3:30)<\/option>\n<option value='-11'>Niue Time (UTC-11)<\/option>\n<option value='13'>New Zealand Daylight Time (UTC+13)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>New Zealand Standard Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='6'>Omsk Time (UTC+6)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Oral Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='-7'>Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7)<\/option>\n<option value='-5'>Peru Time (UTC-5)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Kamchatka Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='10'>Papua New Guinea Time (UTC+10)<\/option>\n<option value='13'>Phoenix Island Time (UTC+13)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Philippine Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Pakistan Standard Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='-2'>Saint Pierre and Miquelon Daylight time (UTC-2)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Saint Pierre and Miquelon Standard Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Pohnpei Standard Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='-8'>Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8)<\/option>\n<option value='-8'>Pacific Time (UTC-8)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Palau Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Paraguay Summer Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Paraguay Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>R\u00e9union Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Rothera Research Station Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Sakhalin Island time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Samara Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='2'selected>South African Standard Time (UTC+2)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Solomon Islands Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Seychelles Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Singapore Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='5.5'>Sri Lanka Standard Time (UTC+5:30)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Srednekolymsk Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Suriname Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='-11'>Samoa Standard Time (UTC-11)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>Showa Station Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='-10'>Tahiti Time (UTC-10)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>French Southern and Antarctic Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='7'>Thailand Standard Time (UTC+7)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Tajikistan Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='13'>Tokelau Time (UTC+13)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Timor Leste Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Turkmenistan Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='13'>Tonga Time (UTC+13)<\/option>\n<option value='3'>Turkey Time (UTC+3)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Tuvalu Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Ulaanbaatar Summer Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Ulaanbaatar Standard Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='2'>Kaliningrad Time (UTC+2)<\/option>\n<option value='0'>Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)<\/option>\n<option value='-2'>Uruguay Summer Time (UTC-2)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>Uruguay Standard Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Uzbekistan Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<option value='-4'>Venezuelan Standard Time (UTC-4)<\/option>\n<option value='10'>Vladivostok Time (UTC+10)<\/option>\n<option value='4'>Volgograd Time (UTC+4)<\/option>\n<option value='6'>Vostok Station Time (UTC+6)<\/option>\n<option value='11'>Vanuatu Time (UTC+11)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Wake Island Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='2'>West Africa Summer Time (UTC+2)<\/option>\n<option value='1'>West Africa Time (UTC+1)<\/option>\n<option value='1'>Western European Summer Time (UTC+1)<\/option>\n<option value='0'>Western European Time (UTC+0)<\/option>\n<option value='12'>Wallis and Futuna Time (UTC+12)<\/option>\n<option value='-3'>West Greenland Time (UTC-3)<\/option>\n<option value='-2'>West Greenland Summer Time (UTC-2)<\/option>\n<option value='7'>Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Eastern Indonesia Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='8'>Western Standard Time (UTC+8)<\/option>\n<option value='9'>Yakutsk Time (UTC+9)<\/option>\n<option value='5'>Yekaterinburg Time (UTC+5)<\/option>\n<\/select>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/momentjs.com\/downloads\/moment.js\"><\/script>\n\n<script>\nvar currentTimeOffset = 2;\ndocument.querySelector(\"#tzPicker\").addEventListener(\"change\", function(){\n    chosenOffset = parseInt(document.querySelector(\"#tzPicker\").value);\n    changeTimes(chosenOffset, currentTimeOffset);\n    currentTimeOffset += chosenOffset - currentTimeOffset;\n});\n\nfunction addHoursToTimeStr(timeStr, hoursInt){\n  let t = moment(timeStr, \"h:mm A\");\n  t.add(hoursInt, \"h\");\n  return t.format(\"h:mm A\");\n}\n\nfunction changeTimes(chosenOffset, currentTimeOffset){\n    var allTimes = document.querySelectorAll(\".time-starts,.time-ends\");\n    allTimes.forEach((time) => {\n        time.innerText = addHoursToTimeStr(time.innerText, (chosenOffset - currentTimeOffset));\n    });\n}\n\n\/\/11am CET (+1) to 12am test (+2) PASS\n\/\/12am test (+2) to 11am CET (+1)\n\n\n<\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8a7d98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a8a7d98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33b25a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"33b25a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\r\n<div class=\"container-fluid event-schedule tcode-event-schedule tcode-size-small\">\r\n\r\n    <div id=\"tcode-popup-container\" class=\"mfp-with-anim mfp-hide\">\r\n        <div class=\"scheduled-event\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n        <div class=\"row scheduled-days\">\r\n                        <div class=\"hidden-mobile\" id=\"days-carousel\">\r\n                                                                                                <div class=\"slick-slide scheduled-day\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\">\r\n                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-day\">\r\n                                                                    <span>Day 1<\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-date\">2022-11-03<\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                <div class=\"slick-slide scheduled-day\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\">\r\n                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-day\">\r\n                                                                    <span>Day 2<\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-date\">2022-11-04<\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Mobile theme -->\r\n            <div class=\"hidden-desktop\">\r\n                                                                                                <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"days-mobile\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-12 scheduled-day mobile active\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-day\">\r\n                                                                                    <span>Day 1<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-date\">2022-11-03<\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 scheduled-locations mobile locations-hidden\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\">\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 scheduled-events hidden mobile\">\r\n                                                                                                                        <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-0\" data-event=\"event-20221103-0\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">09:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>To help set the scene for the event and identify some concrete aims and objectives, keynote speakers will be asked as part of their presentation to give an overview of what they see as the key spectrum challenges and opportunities for the region; and on what they feel should be the spectrum targets for the region in the short, medium and long term. These presentations will then be followed by an interactive voting session, where both in-person and virtual attendees will be asked to add their thoughts on these 2 questions, before a panel discussion involving key industry and policy voices is held to address the points that have been raised, and to look at the best way forward to deliver a spectrum strategy that works for Africa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mario-Maniewicz-2-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Mario Maniewicz                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Director BR, ITU                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Mr. Mario Maniewicz was elected Director of the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2018 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He took office on 1 January 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Mario Maniewicz is an electronic engineer specialized in telecommunications. He has been with the ITU for over 30 years, where he has held various positions of responsibility in the Radiocommunication and Development Bureaux as well as in ITU Regional Offices.<\/p>\n<p>As Director, Mr. Maniewicz is responsible for the management of the Radiocommunication Bureau, which organizes and co-ordinates the work of the Radiocommunication Sector whose aim is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mario-Maniewicz-2-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Mario Maniewicz                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Director BR, ITU                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/John-Omo-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    John Omo                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Secretary General, ATU                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/John-Omo-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        John Omo                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Secretary General, ATU                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/silence-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Khumbudzo Phophi Silence Ntshavheni                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Minister for Communications and Digital Technologies of South Africa                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Ms Khumbudzo Ntshavheni is the Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies. She holds an MBA degree from the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom. She is also a graduate of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), where she read for her undergraduate degree in Political Science and concurrently completed two postgraduate degrees in Development Studies and Labour Relations. She matriculated from Mbilwi Secondary school in Sibasa, Limpopo. Mbilwi remains one of the best performing public schools.<\/p>\n<p>She started her career as a junior lecturer at the University Of South Africa (UNISA) and then proceeded to be South Africa&#8217;s youngest and first female Spokesperson of a Premier (Premier Ramatlhodi of Northern Province\/ Limpopo). She later worked as a Chief Information Officer for the department of Local Government and Housing (Limpopo) and a Manager for Tourism Investment for the Trade and Investment Limpopo (TIL). Ms Ntshavheni was once the youngest Municipal Manager in South Africa when she worked in that position for the Ba- Phalaborwa Municipal Council and she also worked as Chief Operations Officer at the State IT Agency (SITA).<\/p>\n<p>Her political career cuts across both the student and youth movements. She was the youngest activist and part of the leadership of the South African Youth Congress (SAYCO) in the then Northern Transvaal. She was part of the young student activists who mobilised and led the Congress of South African Students (COSAS) after it had unbanned itself in 1989.<\/p>\n<p>On the day of the release of President Nelson Mandela, she addressed the Far Northern Transvaal sub-region&#8217;s (present day Vhembe Region) impromptu celebration rally on behalf of the Pioneers Movement she was leading. At the age of 14, she convinced President Nelson Mandela to adopt 16 years as the voting age of South Africa during the CODESA negotiations (this was when President Cyril Ramaphosa was the Secretary-General of the ANC). She has led both the youth and student movement at various capacity, including national executive committees. She has also led the ANC in her home Province of Limpopo including at the Provincial Executive Committee level, which she was also a Spokesperson for.<br \/>\nBefore joining the 6th Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, Ms Ntshavheni was a serial entrepreneur with interests in transport, FMCG and agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>His Excellency, President Cyril Ramaphosa appointed her the Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies on 05 August 2021. She was previously appointed Minister for Small Business Development on 29 May 2019 and acting Minister in the Presidency on 27 January 2021 until 05 August 2021<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/silence-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Khumbudzo Phophi Silence Ntshavheni                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Minister for Communications and Digital Technologies of South Africa                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-1\" data-event=\"event-20221103-1\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">10:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">11:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<ul>\n<li>What do you see as the key spectrum challenges for the region, and how would you respond to the messages from the keynote speakers and from the audience vote?<\/li>\n<li>Given the different pace of technological development that is seen across the region in areas such as 5G rollout etc., how can the goal of a co-ordinated approach to spectrum management be achieved? How can the needs of all countries and regions across the continent be taken into account in the development of this?<\/li>\n<li>What role can spectrum play in driving forward the development of emerging new technologies, and how can it be ensured that a forward looking and cohesive strategy is put in place to enable this?<\/li>\n<li>What progress has been made in ensuring that the required spectrum is available to deliver the sustainable, wide-reaching and reliable connectivity that is crucial to the future growth of countries across Sub-Saharan Africa?<\/li>\n<li>How can it be ensured that once spectrum is allocated, it is brought to market as quickly and as efficiently as possible?<\/li>\n<li>How can spectrum be best harnessed to help contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other pressing societal challenges for the region?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Hans-Martin Ihle                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Hans-Martin Ihle is a member of NERA&#8217;s global Auctions Practice, which focuses on the design of allocation mechanisms, including auctions and trading, bidding strategy, and related competition, pricing, regulatory, and public policy issues. Mr. Ihle has nearly 10 years of experience in the design and implementation of auctions. He advises NERA clients on auctions and regulatory issues in energy, communications, and other sectors worldwide with a focus on the Asia-Pacific Region.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining NERA, Mr. Ihle worked for an economic consultancy in London. During this time, he advised on the design and implementation of spectrum auctions in over a dozen countries. Mr. Ihle also implemented the software used in seven combinatorial spectrum auctions in Europe to determine winners and prices from thousands of competing bids.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle advises both government bodies and companies on regulatory and policy issues in relation to spectrum management. For example, he advised UK regulator Ofcom on the development of methodologies for setting annual licence fees for liberalised 900MHz and 1800MHz spectrum to reflect full market value. His advice included the development and implementation of methodologies to determine the full market value of comparable spectrum sold in the 4G auction in 2013 using the bids submitted in this auction. For bidders, he has convened workshops on bidding strategy and run mock auctions to help the bid team understand the likely dynamics of the real auction. Mr. Ihle has developed software to support the chosen bid strategy and to analyze the behavior of other bidders. He also provides onsite client support during auctions.<\/p>\n<p>In the energy arena, Mr. Ihle has worked on the design of a procurement auction for balancing services. He has also conducted research on a novel mechanism to remunerate capacity in electricity markets.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle holds a Masters in Economics from the University of Cambridge, where he specialized in industrial organization, game theory, and applied econometrics.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Hans-Martin Ihle                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Eiman-photo-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Eiman Mohyeldin                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Global Head of Spectrum Standardization, Nokia                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Eiman Mohyeldin is the global Head of Spectrum Standardization for Nokia, responsible for defining and executing Nokia&#8217;s spectrum strategy and leading Nokia&#8217;s engagement on spectrum matters with customers, regulators authorities and partners in the ecosystem worldwide. She is actively involved in the World Radio Conference (WRC) process, participating in the WRC Conferences and preparatory meetings (CPM). Eiman has also contributed and led groups for the IMT technology process (4G, 5G and recently the 6G) in ITU and CEPT. Eiman is Co-Coordinator in CEPT\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/myitu\/News\/2020\/11\/27\/18\/29\/NOW4WRC23-inspiring-new-generation-women-in-radiocommunications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NOW4WRC23<\/a>\u00a0promoting gender equity and parity in CEPT and IT<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Eiman-photo-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Eiman Mohyeldin                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Global Head of Spectrum Standardization, Nokia                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Dr-Bienvenu-AGBOKPONTO-SOGLO_Headshot_Intel-copy-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Director, Government Affairs Africa, Intel                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Dr. Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo is the Director, Government Affairs Africa &amp; IGA CTO Liaison, and a Principal Engineer at Intel Corporation. In his current role, Dr Agbokponto Soglo is responsible for developing policy strategies and advocating for favourable government policies, regulations, and standards to support Intel&#8217;s business interests in Africa. He leads the policy and government affairs work in Africa in areas such as 5G, broadband, artificial intelligence, privacy and security and other digital transformation policies. In addition, he also leads engagements with Universities, Research Institutions, NGOs in the International Government Affairs (IGA) group; for research focused on emerging technologies and projects\/initiatives at the intersection of policy and technology.<\/p>\n<p>He has more than 17 years\u2019 experience and a strong track record working in the ICT and telecommunication industry with expertise in mobile telecommunication technologies, global and regional spectrum policy, broadband strategy, corporate social responsibility, as well as governmental ICT policies. Before joining Intel Corporation in 2018, Dr Agbokponto Soglo worked at Qualcomm for more than 10 years, first as Staff Engineer then as Government Affairs Director for West and Central Africa. Prior to that, he worked at Huawei Technologies as Wireless Product Manager.<\/p>\n<p>He has published several technical papers on Network Control Systems in International Journals and Conferences, including in the European Journal of Control. He has also presented at many international forums, conferences and meetings across the globe including at the WTO and the ITU; and held leadership positions in ITU-R Working Party 5D; and is the Chair of the GSA ATU Spectrum team.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Agbokponto Soglo holds a Ph.D. degree in Control Science &amp; Engineering from Beijing Tsinghua University (2005), an MSc in Control Theory &amp; Control Engineering from Dalian University of Technology (2002), and a BSc in Automatic Control from Dalian Maritime University (1999), China. He has excellent proficiency in English, French and Mandarin.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Dr-Bienvenu-AGBOKPONTO-SOGLO_Headshot_Intel-copy-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Director, Government Affairs Africa, Intel                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cecil-Ameil-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Cecil Ameil                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Chair, Regulatory Working Group, GSOA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>The Luxembourg-based satellite operator on public affairs and regulatory matters with the European Union (EU), the CEPT, the Council of Europe and the ITU, under the responsibility of the SES General Counsel. He\u2018s now responsible for SES regulatory affairs (advocacy and licensing) in Europe, Africa and Middle East.<br \/>\nC\u00e9cil looks back at more than 20 years of experience in dealing with regulatory affairs, specialised in ICT regulations for media and telecommunications. His dedicated expertise covers the supervision and impact of telecoms legislations and spectrum policies, in the context of increased liberalisation in radio frequency management and usage.<br \/>\nC\u00e9cil has been the chairperson of the working group on regulation in ESOA (EMEA Satellite Operators Association) for several years. In this capacity, he represents the satellite sector for the development of electronic communications regulation in Europe, Africa and Middle East, and he defends the interests of the space industry in multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations between the EU and the rest of the world.<br \/>\nAs an active member of the Global VSAT Forum (GVF), C\u00e9cil Ameil is also contributing to the coordination of the satellite sector\u2018s efforts to defend access to and usage of essential radio spectrum at regional and ITU levels (including for WRCs).<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cecil-Ameil-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Cecil Ameil                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Chair, Regulatory Working Group, GSOA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Moshe-Masonta-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Dr Moshe Masonta                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Research Group Leader and Principal Researcher, CSIR                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Moshe is responsible for developing and implementing the research, development, and innovation strategy for the CSIR within the Networked Systems and Applications impact area.<br \/>\nDr Masonta has over 20 years of experience in the telecommunication sector and holds a Doctorate Degree in Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications Technology). His work contributed towards the development of evidence-based regulations and policy directives on spectrum use and management. Recently, he was part of the Department of Communication and Digital Technologies in Communication delegate to the International Telecommunication Union\u2019s 2022 Plenipotentiary conference in Romania.<br \/>\nHis research interests are in radio frequency (RF) spectrum management for wireless communications technologies, 5G Open Radio Access Networks, television white space technologies, Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies, alternative broadband wireless networks for bridging the digital divide, and supporting the national policymakers and regulators within the space of wireless communications and RF spectrum.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Moshe-Masonta-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Dr Moshe Masonta                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Research Group Leader and Principal Researcher, CSIR                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-2 hideExcerpt\" data-event=\"event-20221103-2\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">11:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">11:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Morning refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-3\" data-event=\"event-20221103-3\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">11:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">13:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Despite the challenging environment created by the global pandemic, preparations for WRC-23 are progressing well. Both within Africa and elsewhere in Region 1, positions are starting to emerge and good progress on preparatory studies is being seen. And now, less than a month after this event, the second inter-regional workshop is due to be held, providing the latest opportunity for different regions to come together to discuss these emerging positions. This session will provide the opportunity to take stock in the build-up to that meeting and at the progress on preparation that is being made both in Africa and elsewhere. As we move towards the final year of preparation for WRC-23, it will discuss the challenges ahead and the work that still needs to be done to ensure a successful outcome for WRC-23 for the Sub-Sahara region and more broadly.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0What impact has the pandemic had on preparation for WRC-23, and to what extent is preparation on track both in Africa and elsewhere?<\/span><\/li>\n<li>What key outcomes and positions emerged at the most recent ATU preparatory meeting, which was held a few months ago?<\/li>\n<li>Are we seeing consensuses starting to emerge with regards to the development of a common position across any of the key agenda items?<\/li>\n<li>How do these emerging positions compare with those that are starting to be seen elsewhere in region 1 and on a global level?<\/li>\n<li>Are we on track with regards to the preparatory studies that have been taking place and the drafting of text for the CPM?<\/li>\n<li>Which issues are expected to be the most challenging in finding agreement both within Africa and across region 1 more broadly?<\/li>\n<li>What are the key challenges that remain in the final year of preparation for WRC-23, and how can stakeholders in Africa work together to ensure the most successful outcome at the conference for the region as a whole?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kezias-MWALE-5-2-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Kezias Mwale                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Radiocommunications Coordinator, ATU                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Kezias Mwale is Radiocommunications Coordinator at African Telecommunications Union.\u00a0 He started his spectrum management career as a junior engineer in 2003 at the Zambia ICT Authority, rising to manager spectrum management in 2010 \u2013 a position he held until his appointment by the African Telecommunications Union (ATU) as a Radiocommunications Coordinator in 2012. He has been a keen and active contributor to national, regional and international spectrum management successes including development of the first Zambian national spectrum plan, the SADC spectrum plan, the GE-06 Conference during which he was appointed one of the planning experts for Eastern and Southern Africa. He has immensely contributed to the current improved status of Radiocommunications affairs of ATU.<\/p>\n<p>Mr Mwale holds an MSc in Broadband and Mobile Communications with distinction from the University of Kent (2008), and an MBA from the University of Nicosia (2017).<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kezias-MWALE-5-2-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Kezias Mwale                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Radiocommunications Coordinator, ATU                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/El-Hadjar-Abdouramane-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    El Hadjar Abdouramane                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Chairman, ATU Working Group on Fixed and Mobile Services for WRC-23                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/El-Hadjar-Abdouramane-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        El Hadjar Abdouramane                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Working Group on Fixed and Mobile Services for WRC-23                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Baxton Sirewu                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Baxton Sirewu                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Ross-Bateson-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Ross Bateson                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Special Advisor, GSMA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Ross-Bateson-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Ross Bateson                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Special Advisor, GSMA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/linden-petzer-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Linden Petzer                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Senior Consultant for Africa, GSOA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/linden-petzer-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Linden Petzer                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Consultant for Africa, GSOA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Shiv-B-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Shiv Bakhshi                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    VP, Industry Relations, Group Function Technology, Ericsson                                                                                 <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Shiv-B-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Shiv Bakhshi                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            VP, Industry Relations, Group Function Technology, Ericsson                                                                         <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Walid-Sami-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Walid Sami                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Senior Project Manager, European Broadcasting Union                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Dr. Walid SAMI is Senior Project Manager at the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Geneva, with responsibility for co-coordinating studies on frequency planning and spectrum sharing issues. He represents EBU in number of European and International Forums dealing with Spectrum Management. He is Vice Chair of ITU-R Study Group 6 (Broadcasting) and mostly active in Working Parties 6A (Terrestrial broadcasting delivery) and 1A (Spectrum engineering techniques). Dr. SAMI has also a significant role in developing cooperation with Arab States Broadcasting Union and African Union of Broadcasters as well as Administrations members of ITU-D.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Walid-Sami-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Walid Sami                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Project Manager, European Broadcasting Union                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-4 hideExcerpt\" data-event=\"event-20221103-4\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">13:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Lunch<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-5\" data-event=\"event-20221103-5\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 3: Continuing the path towards a harmonized continental 5G strategy<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>At each of the last 4 editions of this conference, a session has been held that has charted the progress, challenges and opportunities as Sub-Sahara embarks on the path to 5G and looks to deliver a harmonized continental strategy that will help to unleash its true potential. Continuing the discussion, this session will look at the work that has taken place over the last 12 months to build on crucial policy recommendations that were set out last year by ATU, and the work that is being done at a regional level by the African Union Commission. With 5G now a reality in Africa and networks starting to be rolled out across countries including Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria, how can the goal of regional harmonisation be achieved, and what impact can this have on laying the ground for the full potential of 5G to be seen?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">How important are regional harmonisation efforts and what impact can they have on delivering an environment that encourages mobile network operators to scale up 5G-related investment across the African continent?<\/span><\/li>\n<li>What recommendations on spectrum policy were put forward by ATU and the African Union last year, and what progress has been made on putting these into practice?<\/li>\n<li>What lessons can be taken from those countries that have started to rollout 5G networks across the region, and how can the experiences of these early-movers help contribute to the harmonised regional approach that is being worked towards?<\/li>\n<li>What mix of technologies and solutions are best going to meet the needs of Africa\u2019s 5G future, and how can it be ensured that both the infrastructure and spectrum is in place to deliver this?<\/li>\n<li>What role can the emergence of 5G play in helping to meet the needs of vertical industries across Africa? How can the potential of different technologies and connectivity models be harnessed in order to ensure the sometimes very varied needs of different users are met?<\/li>\n<li>What challenges still remain as Africa continues on the path towards a 5G future? How can it be ensured that the benefits of future network technologies are felt by all societies across the region, including those in developing areas and low-income consumers?<\/li>\n<li>How close are we to achieving the goal of a coordinated roadmap for the rollout of 5G across the region?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-6\" data-event=\"event-20221103-6\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">14:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Setting The Scene &#8211; Introduction from the Moderator<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Setting The Scene &#8211; Introduction from the Moderator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-120x120.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Elizabeth Migwalla is Senior Director and Head of Government Affairs (Africa) for Qualcomm International Incorporated (Qualcomm). In this role, which she has held for eight years, Elizabeth interfaces directly with key government ministries, regulatory authorities as well as regional and international regulatory forums, in order to drive the adoption of advanced broadband wireless technologies and service on the continent.<\/p>\n<p>Elizabeth\u2019s distinguished career in various aspects of telecommunications engineering, operations, services and policy spans more than 31 years. She has built a reputation as one of Africa\u2019s leading experts on communications policy through her many accomplishments during this period. In 2012 Elizabeth was named among the top 50 female executives in Middle East and Africa by CommsMEA magazine.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Qualcomm Elizabeth served The Boeing Company as its Regional Director for Regulatory Affairs for four years. Elizabeth also performed a similar role for ICO Global Communications for a period of five years.<\/p>\n<p>Before entering the private sector in 1997, Elizabeth worked at the Kenya Post and Telecommunications Corporation, as both head of its International Services and Planning and Engineering departments. Elizabeth holds Bachelor\u2019s and Master\u2019s degrees in Engineering from the University of Nairobi (Kenya), and an MBA from Bond University in Australia.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Setting The Scene &#8211; Introduction from the Moderator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-90x90.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-7\" data-event=\"event-20221103-7\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">14:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Presentation<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Baxton Sirewu                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Baxton Sirewu                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-8\" data-event=\"event-20221103-8\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">14:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Kenya<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Kenya image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Daniel Obam                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Mr. Obam leads a cross-functional team of experts to advice the government on development of ICT sector policies, strategies and legislation.<\/p>\n<p>Expert in radiocommunication and spectrum anagement.<\/p>\n<p>Chair of ITU Radiocommunication Advisory Group (RAG).<\/p>\n<p>Awarded Head of State Commendation (HSC) by President of Kenya in recognition of distinguished &amp; outstanding services in ICT sector.<\/p>\n<p>MSc. Engineering Management \u2013 University of Southern California; BSc. \u2013 University of Nairobi<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Kenya image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Daniel Obam                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-9\" data-event=\"event-20221103-9\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">14:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Nigeria<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Nigeria image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Abraham Oshadami                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Engineer Abraham Oshadami is the Head of Spectrum Administration Department of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and has worked in the NCC for over 18 years.<\/p>\n<p>A First-Class Graduate of Electrical engineering from the University of Ibadan Nigeria with more than 28 years of experience in various industry sectors both in Private and Public in the areas of Information Technology, Computer hardware designs and Maintenance, Information System Management and Spectrum Management.<\/p>\n<p>He has represented Nigeria in various international capacity and events such African Telecommunications Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). He is a registered Engineer with the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and a member of the West African Society for Communication and Administration (WASCA)<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Nigeria image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Abraham Oshadami                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-10\" data-event=\"event-20221103-10\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">14:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">15:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Panel Discussion<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-120x120.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Elizabeth Migwalla is Senior Director and Head of Government Affairs (Africa) for Qualcomm International Incorporated (Qualcomm). In this role, which she has held for eight years, Elizabeth interfaces directly with key government ministries, regulatory authorities as well as regional and international regulatory forums, in order to drive the adoption of advanced broadband wireless technologies and service on the continent.<\/p>\n<p>Elizabeth\u2019s distinguished career in various aspects of telecommunications engineering, operations, services and policy spans more than 31 years. She has built a reputation as one of Africa\u2019s leading experts on communications policy through her many accomplishments during this period. In 2012 Elizabeth was named among the top 50 female executives in Middle East and Africa by CommsMEA magazine.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Qualcomm Elizabeth served The Boeing Company as its Regional Director for Regulatory Affairs for four years. Elizabeth also performed a similar role for ICO Global Communications for a period of five years.<\/p>\n<p>Before entering the private sector in 1997, Elizabeth worked at the Kenya Post and Telecommunications Corporation, as both head of its International Services and Planning and Engineering departments. Elizabeth holds Bachelor\u2019s and Master\u2019s degrees in Engineering from the University of Nairobi (Kenya), and an MBA from Bond University in Australia.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-90x90.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Daniel Obam                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Mr. Obam leads a cross-functional team of experts to advice the government on development of ICT sector policies, strategies and legislation.<\/p>\n<p>Expert in radiocommunication and spectrum anagement.<\/p>\n<p>Chair of ITU Radiocommunication Advisory Group (RAG).<\/p>\n<p>Awarded Head of State Commendation (HSC) by President of Kenya in recognition of distinguished &amp; outstanding services in ICT sector.<\/p>\n<p>MSc. Engineering Management \u2013 University of Southern California; BSc. \u2013 University of Nairobi<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Daniel Obam                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Baxton Sirewu                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Baxton Sirewu                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Photo-Franklin-Kano-Ocharo-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Franklin Kano Ocharo                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head of Fixed Data, Tribe Lead, Safaricom Plc Kenya                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Franklin has over 15 years\u2019 experience in IT &#038; Telecoms industry spanning both technical and commercial roles. In the current role he is responsible for the Fixed Data business charged with delivering great Customer Experience to enable Safaricom become the trusted partner of choice for connectivity, security and entertainment for Homes and Businesses. He has grown the business to connect over 250,000 customers using Fibre and Fixed Wireless Access technologies most recently using 5G. Beyond connectivity, he has delivered rich value adds to the connected customers such as content, internet security and parental control, Home Insurance, Converged Fixed and Mobile solutions, Surveillance among others. <\/p>\n<p>Franklin holds an MA in Project Planning and Management, BSc. in Computer Science and is currently pursuing an MA in Philosophy.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Photo-Franklin-Kano-Ocharo-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Franklin Kano Ocharo                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Fixed Data, Tribe Lead, Safaricom Plc Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Peter Djakwah                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Manager, Engineering, National Communications Authority, Ghana                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Peter Djakwah                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Manager, Engineering, National Communications Authority, Ghana                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Abraham Oshadami                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Engineer Abraham Oshadami is the Head of Spectrum Administration Department of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and has worked in the NCC for over 18 years.<\/p>\n<p>A First-Class Graduate of Electrical engineering from the University of Ibadan Nigeria with more than 28 years of experience in various industry sectors both in Private and Public in the areas of Information Technology, Computer hardware designs and Maintenance, Information System Management and Spectrum Management.<\/p>\n<p>He has represented Nigeria in various international capacity and events such African Telecommunications Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). He is a registered Engineer with the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and a member of the West African Society for Communication and Administration (WASCA)<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Abraham Oshadami                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-11 hideExcerpt\" data-event=\"event-20221103-11\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">15:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">16:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Afternoon Refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221103-12\" data-event=\"event-20221103-12\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">16:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">17:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>African countries proposed at WRC-19 to study the identification of 6425-7125 MHz for IMT. The proposal is on the agenda of WRC-23.In July last year, a recommendation was made by ATU to enable licence-exempt technologies to operate in 5925-6425 MHz. Globally There is a debate on the balance of unlicensed and licensed services in the 5925-7125 MHz band. The IMT community argues that broadband connectivity in Africa is largely provided through mobile networks, and this band would provide additional capacity for 5G and for fixed wireless access in the future. On the other hand the WiFi community argue that making it available on a licence-exempt basis is vital to help addressing the digital divide, improving rural connectivity and accelerate economic innovation. This session will look at the arguments on both sides, and at where the balance of licenced and licence-exempt use across the 6Ghz band should lie.<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf Where does the balance lie between licenced and licence-exempt use across the 6Ghz spectrum?<br \/>\n\u25cf What is the status of the WRC-23 preparations and what should be the approach of the Sub-Sahara region to the upper portion of the band?<br \/>\n\u25cf What socio-economic benefits would be offered by making the spectrum in the band available on an unlicenced or a licensed basis respectively? What approach would provide the best option to maximise these benefits across both developed and developing countries in the Sub-Sahara region?<br \/>\n\u25cf To what extent is co-existence between incumbent and potential new users such as WiFi and 5G feasible? What are some potential challenges would this present and how could these be overcome?<br \/>\n\u25cf Is there a solution that would ensure that sufficient spectrum in the band is available for both WiFi and IMT users?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 8\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\">\n<p>Jonathan supports telecoms operators and regulators in areas including 5G network strategy, spectrum valuation and cost modelling. In particular, he has managed the development of complex quantitative models used to help operators develop their approach to 5G and to prepare for 5G spectrum auctions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\">\n<p align=\"justify\">Jonathan\u2019s core expertise is in supporting clients to assess their spectrum strategy, often ahead of major spectrum awards. This includes regulatory support, spectrum valuation, network strategy and bid strategy work. He has also supported clients to develop their business plans, and to prepare network costing models ahead of regulatory processes.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Aetha, Jonathan studied Physical Sciences at the University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Kalvin-Bahia-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Kalvin Bahia                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                     Principal Economist, GSMA Intelligence                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Kalvin is responsible for delivering economic analysis across a range of GSMA programmes and initiatives. He works particularly closely with Mobile for Development (M4D), overseeing the Mobile Connectivity Index and the Mobile Industry SDG Impact Report, and supports the Regulatory and Spectrum policy teams. Recent work includes analysing the impact of spectrum pricing on consumers and assessing policy options for the 6 GHz frequency band.  Before joining the GSMA, Kalvin worked at Ofcom and the UK Competition Commission.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Kalvin-Bahia-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Kalvin Bahia                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                             Principal Economist, GSMA Intelligence                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fargani-Tambeayuk-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Fargani Tambeayuk                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head of Connectivity Policy, Africa, Meta                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fargani-Tambeayuk-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Fargani Tambeayuk                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Connectivity Policy, Africa, Meta                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dick-Sono-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Dick Sono                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Chief Director Radio Frequency Spectrum, DTPS, South Africa                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dick-Sono-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Dick Sono                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Chief Director Radio Frequency Spectrum, DTPS, South Africa                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/arthur-gnonsou-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Arthur Gnonsou                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Spectrum Manager, ARCEP Benin                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio coming shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/arthur-gnonsou-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Arthur Gnonsou                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Spectrum Manager, ARCEP Benin                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mortimer-Hope-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Mortimer Hope                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Associate Director and Africa Lead, Policy Impact Partners                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>From September 2016 to date Mortimer Hope has been Managing Director of GH Communications, an ICT Policy, Regulatory, Strategy and Business Development Consultancy based in South Africa. He is also Associate Director and Africa Lead at Policy Impact Partners (PIP), a global Consultancy Platform which helps clients impact connectivity and digital policies. In these roles he has assisted large multinational organisations with connectivity policies and future spectrum advocacy. He has also provided regulatory training and assisted telecom operators with business strategy.<br \/>\nSome projects Mortimer has worked on include TV White Spaces regulatory frameworks in South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria and Ghana; High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) trial in South Africa and additional spectrum for HAPS at the ITU and African Telecommunications Union (ATU); Tiered Spectrum Sharing report covering South Africa, Colombia and Malaysia; Licence exempt Wi-Fi in the 6 GHz band (Wi-Fi 6E); Regulatory Sandbox Framework; rural broadband projects in Mozambique and Benin; and a HAPS study for the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.<br \/>\nMortimer is a regular speaker at Connectivity conferences in Africa. He has delivered presentations to various audiences, including to SADC Ministers responsible for ICT, on HAPS, rural broadband connectivity, spectrum sharing and the effects on humans of electromagnetic frequencies. He also publishes opinion pieces such as this one on connecting the unconnected.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mortimer-Hope-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Mortimer Hope                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Associate Director and Africa Lead, Policy Impact Partners                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cesar-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Cesar Gutierrez                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head of Africa Regulatory Policy, Huawei (on behalf of Ericsson, Huawei and Nokia)                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cesar-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Cesar Gutierrez                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Africa Regulatory Policy, Huawei (on behalf of Ericsson, Huawei and Nokia)                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            \r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"days-mobile\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-12 scheduled-day mobile \" data-date=\"2022-11-04\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-day\">\r\n                                                                                    <span>Day 2<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 row-date\">2022-11-04<\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 scheduled-locations mobile locations-hidden\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\">\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 scheduled-events hidden mobile\">\r\n                                                                                                                        <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-0\" data-event=\"event-20221104-0\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">09:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Opening Keynote Presentation<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Opening Keynote Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/charley-lewis-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Charley Lewis                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Acting Chairperson, ICASA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Charley Lewis (PhD, MComm) has extensive experience across the field of ICT sector policy and regulation, ranging from telecommunications and broadcasting to broadband and the Internet. His knowledge and expertise covers a wide array of key areas. These range from universal access and service, through the digital divide, consumer protection, quality of service, statistics and indicators, to spectrum management and the 4<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0industrial revolution.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Lewis\u2019 varied career includes: High School Teacher of Mathematics and English; Information Systems Analyst; HoD IT at COSATU (Congress of SA Trade Unions); Senior Lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand; and Independent Analyst and Researcher. He has managed and taught professional development and academic courses on ICT policy and regulation to policy-makers, regulators and industry practitioners.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Lewis holds a BA Hons in English, a Higher Education Diploma, an M Comm in Management of Information Systems, and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He is a published author, with his book,\u00a0<em>Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa: Universal Access and Service<\/em>\u00a0(Palgrave Press, 2020) following on from the research for his award-winning PhD thesis.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Lewis recently served on the Ministerial Task Team on Post-Covid-19 Economic Response Strategy, having previously been appointed to serve on South Africa\u2019s national ICT Policy Review Panel (2012-2015).<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Opening Keynote Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/charley-lewis-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Charley Lewis                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Acting Chairperson, ICASA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-1\" data-event=\"event-20221104-1\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 5: Bringing the Spectrum to Market &#8211; Developing a bluepoint for effective spectrum pricing and award mechanisms in Africa<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>The process of bringing spectrum to market is not a simple one, and there are many different elements for regulators to consider when looking to design a process for assigning spectrum licences that ensures an efficient allocation of the available bandwidth at a fair price; and ultimately delivers a competitive market and encourages innovation. With a number of successful awards having taken place recently in the region, this session will provide the opportunity to look back at these and at the approaches that were taken. It will then move on to look more broadly at the different options that are available to regulators when looking at setting spectrum prices and designing award mechanisms, and at what needs to be done in order to ensure a successful outcome. Focussing on the importance of planning ahead and the role that the provision of a roadmap for spectrum release can play in helping to provide regulatory certainty and promote investment and innovation, it will look to the future and at what needs to be done to ensure that the full value of spectrum that is made available can be harnessed as quickly and as efficiently as possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-2\" data-event=\"event-20221104-2\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study 1: A \u2018360 Degree\u2019 Case Study \u2013 The recent spectrum auction in South Africa<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>In March this year, ICASA successfully completed an auction of key spectrum bands, with six bidders paying a total of R14 billion for licences across the 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz bands. This session will offer a unique \u2018360 degree\u2019 case study of the auction and award process, with perspectives from the regulator responsible for the auction; the experts advising on design and strategy; and operators who took part and were successful in securing spectrum.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-3\" data-event=\"event-20221104-3\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">09:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">The View from the Regulator<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Regulator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Peter-Zimri-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Peter Zimri                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Councillor, ICASA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Regulator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Peter-Zimri-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Peter Zimri                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Councillor, ICASA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-4\" data-event=\"event-20221104-4\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">09:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">The View from the Expert Advisor<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Hans-Martin Ihle                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Hans-Martin Ihle is a member of NERA&#8217;s global Auctions Practice, which focuses on the design of allocation mechanisms, including auctions and trading, bidding strategy, and related competition, pricing, regulatory, and public policy issues. Mr. Ihle has nearly 10 years of experience in the design and implementation of auctions. He advises NERA clients on auctions and regulatory issues in energy, communications, and other sectors worldwide with a focus on the Asia-Pacific Region.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining NERA, Mr. Ihle worked for an economic consultancy in London. During this time, he advised on the design and implementation of spectrum auctions in over a dozen countries. Mr. Ihle also implemented the software used in seven combinatorial spectrum auctions in Europe to determine winners and prices from thousands of competing bids.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle advises both government bodies and companies on regulatory and policy issues in relation to spectrum management. For example, he advised UK regulator Ofcom on the development of methodologies for setting annual licence fees for liberalised 900MHz and 1800MHz spectrum to reflect full market value. His advice included the development and implementation of methodologies to determine the full market value of comparable spectrum sold in the 4G auction in 2013 using the bids submitted in this auction. For bidders, he has convened workshops on bidding strategy and run mock auctions to help the bid team understand the likely dynamics of the real auction. Mr. Ihle has developed software to support the chosen bid strategy and to analyze the behavior of other bidders. He also provides onsite client support during auctions.<\/p>\n<p>In the energy arena, Mr. Ihle has worked on the design of a procurement auction for balancing services. He has also conducted research on a novel mechanism to remunerate capacity in electricity markets.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle holds a Masters in Economics from the University of Cambridge, where he specialized in industrial organization, game theory, and applied econometrics.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Hans-Martin Ihle                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Vutomi-Mabunda-Jones-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Vutomi Mabunda-Jones                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Managing Director, Tirhani Auctioneers                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Vutomi Mabunda-Jones is the Managing Director of Tirhani Auctioneers, a South African Auction house specialising in the disposal of movable and immovable assets. Vutomi is a former commercial pilot who holds executive and non-executive directorships in the following fields: Technology, Software Development, Web Development and Management Services.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vutomi was the local project lead for the three-party consortium (Nera Consortium) that executed the spectrum auction on behalf of the Independent Communication Authority of South Africa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Vutomi-Mabunda-Jones-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Vutomi Mabunda-Jones                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Managing Director, Tirhani Auctioneers                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-5\" data-event=\"event-20221104-5\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">09:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:45<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">The View from the Successful Bidder<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Successful Bidder image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Johan-Smit-Cropped-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Johan Smit                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Executive, Telkom                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>I have more than 35 years professional experience in the telecommunication sector (with Telkom) of which almost 30 years focussed on radio frequency spectrum matters.<\/p>\n<p>During my professional career at Telkom I worked in:<br \/>\nRegulatory Affairs \u2013 Spectrum, Technical and International regulations (Executive) (current)<br \/>\nRegulatory Affairs &#8211; Spectrum regulations, standards and ITU matters (Senior Specialist)<br \/>\nRadio and spectrum strategy and regulations (Manager)<br \/>\nRadio regulations and radio interference (Manager)<br \/>\nSpectrum management (Technologist) and<br \/>\nNetwork transmission maintenance (Technician\/Senior Technician).<\/p>\n<p>During my almost 30 years involved in spectrum management I represented Telkom on various national, regional and international forums and committees:<br \/>\nSince 1997 I attended all ITU World Radiocommunications Conferences (international treaty conference for the development of International Radio Regulations) as part of the South African delegation where I represented Telkom, South Africa, SADC and occasionally Africa as Rapporteur on various conference agenda items. I successfully led the company delegation to WRC-03, WRC-07, WRC-12 and WRC-19.<\/p>\n<p>In 2013 I was elected by ATU (African Telecommunication Union) to represent Africa as Vice-Chairman to ITU\u2019s JTG4-5-6-7, which was responsible for preparation for WRC-15 Agenda Items 1.1 and 1.2 dealing with IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications) matters. I am currently the SA and SADC Rapporteur for WRC-19 agenda item 1.13 responsible for mobile IMT-2020 spectrum.<\/p>\n<p>In 2009 I was invited by CRASA (Communications Regulatory Authority of Southern Africa) to develop the SADC regional frequency allocation band plan, which frequency plan was adopted by the SADC Ministers in 2010 and subsequently updated following WRC-12 and WRC-15. I was also appointed by the ITU in 2010 to develop spectrum related papers (e.g. use of spectrum for Public Protection and Disaster Relieve in SADC) for CRASA.<\/p>\n<p>I represent the company at SABS Technical Committees (TC) and Sub-Committees (SC) on wireless standardisation and is currently the Chairperson of SABS TC74\/SC05 (Radio Communications).<br \/>\nI was responsible for many written submissions and oral representations at the Authority (ICASA), Department of Communications\/Department of Communications and Digital Technology, Department of Science and Technology and Parliament on matters related to radio frequency spectrum, technical regulations and standards.<\/p>\n<p>In 2006 and 2010 I represented South Africa, as part of the SA delegation, to the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference in Antalya (Turkey) and Guadalajara (Mexico) respectively. In my current role at Telkom I am responsible for all spectrum and international regulatory matters as well as all technical regulations within Telkom.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Successful Bidder image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Johan-Smit-Cropped-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Johan Smit                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Executive, Telkom                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-6 hideExcerpt\" data-event=\"event-20221104-6\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">09:45<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Q&#038;A Discussion<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-7\" data-event=\"event-20221104-7\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">10:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:30<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study 2 \u2013 Spectrum Auctions and Awards in Tanzania<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Case Study 2 \u2013 Spectrum Auctions and Awards in Tanzania image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Victor Kweka                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Case Study 2 \u2013 Spectrum Auctions and Awards in Tanzania image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Victor Kweka                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-8 hideExcerpt\" data-event=\"event-20221104-8\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">10:30<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:50<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Morning Refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-9\" data-event=\"event-20221104-9\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">10:50<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">11:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Thinking Point &#8211; Exploring the potential of fixed wireless access (FWA) to deliver urban and sub-urban connectivity?<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Thinking Point &#8211; Exploring the potential of fixed wireless access (FWA) to deliver urban and sub-urban connectivity? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/dobek-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Dobek Pater                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Analyst & Director, Africa Analysis                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Dobek Pater has over twenty years\u2019 experience in the telecoms industry and is currently an ICT analyst with Africa Analysis, working on a wide range of projects in Africa for a diverse client base. His previous experience includes working for a South African fibre optic cabling and systems integration company, later joining an ICT market research and advisory company in the capacity of a telecommunications analyst, and a short stint in the consumer product research field. Dobek\u2019s career in the telecommunications sector has exposed him to strategies and technologies used by various telecoms operators and service providers, as well as telecommunications market fundamentals. In his capacity as an ICT analyst he has been responsible for analysis of numerous ICT markets in Africa and directly participated in major projects in over twenty African countries. Dobek has also presented at numerous shows and conferences in South Africa and other African countries on topics ranging from telecoms market opportunities to future technology applications. He is frequently quoted in the local and international media, and regularly appears on TV and radio shows. Dobek concentrates on the telecommunications market (including fixed line, mobile, satellite \/ VSAT, wireline, wireless, wholesale and retail markets), as well as the data centre and IT services markets. Among others, he undertakes market research and analysis, market modelling and forecasting, business case development, and provides advisory services.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Thinking Point &#8211; Exploring the potential of fixed wireless access (FWA) to deliver urban and sub-urban connectivity? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/dobek-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Dobek Pater                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Analyst & Director, Africa Analysis                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-10\" data-event=\"event-20221104-10\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">11:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">12:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 5\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Closing the digital divide and ensuring that citizens across Africa have reliable access to fast, reliable and affordable broadband services has been a long-standing challenge for regulators across the region. Progress in this area is undoubtably being seen, and according to the ITU, the number of people across Africa with access to broadband grew 2690% from 2010-2020 (admittedly from a very low base), with the price of access to connectivity in the region falling more than in any other region for the same period. However, there is still an extremely long way to go and much work still to be done. This session will look at the approaches that are being seen in different countries across the region, and explore the solutions that have provided the greatest level of success. It will explore recent advancements in technologies such as fixed wireless access and advanced satellite systems, and the role that these can play in delivering a solution, and the way in which industry and regulators can come together in advancing the accessibility of broadband in many parts of Africa is attributable both to the investment and business activity of the private sector as well as the policy and regulatory environment created by the authorities.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What different approaches to tackling the digital divide are being seen across the region, and which are having the most affect?<\/li>\n<li>What countries and sub-regions are seeing the most progress to date, and are there lessons that can be taken from the approaches that they are using<\/li>\n<li>What targets are being set across the region when it comes to digital development? How can it be ensured that the connectivity requirements of communities is understood, and that the required solutions to deliver this are rolled out as quickly as possible?<\/li>\n<li>How can stakeholders in Africa come together to tackle specific challenges that the region faces such as the shortage of fixed infrastructure, the geographical scale of the areas that is being covered, and the economic challenges of low consumer purchasing power often seen in underserved areas?<\/li>\n<li>What technological advances have been seen across crucial technologies such as fixed wireless access (FWA), advanced satellite broadband and WiFi? What potential do these have to be part of the solution?<\/li>\n<li>How can spectrum policy help to facilitate faster rollout of networks and ensure that underserved communities and homes are brought online as soon as possible?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Jean-Jacques-Massima--120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Jean-Jacques Massima-Landji                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Representative for Central Africa and Madagascar, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon, ITU                                                                                 <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Jean-Jacques is a Senior \u00a0Engineer in Radiocommunications, Electronics and Computer science who graduated in Paris in 1983.<\/p>\n<p>J.J. \u00a0Massima-Landji is actually ITU representative for Central Africa and Madagascar resident in Yaound\u00e9 since 2009. As Senior Adviser to the Ministry of Communications and Telecommunications of GABON, he was posted in Geneva where he spent \u00a09 years in ITU \u00a0Headquarters in Geneva as the Permanent Representative of Gabon to ITU from 2004 to 2009 and at the Telecommunications development Bureau (BDT) as Coordinator of Iraq Project, from 2000 to 2004. He spent two years as Regional Director for Central Africa for ICO Global Communications, Office based in South Africa from 1998 to 2000.\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Senior Engineer and Director of Posts and Telecommunications in the Gabonese administration, he managed the Telecommunications of his country for more than 15 years ( Head of Telematics and computer services from 2004 to 2006, Director of \u00a0Studies and Computer Science \u00a02006 to 2010; Central Director of National Telecommunications from 1990 to 1994 and Deputy Director-General of OPT( Office des Postes et Telecommunications), Director General of the T.I.G( Societ\u00e9 des Telecommunications Internationales du Gabon ) in charge of Telecommunications from 1994 to 1998, and was the first Chairman of the Regulatory Body of Gabon: \u201cAgence de Regulation des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications.<\/p>\n<p>Recognized as an ICT senior expert worldwide he has a proven experience of more than 37 years in the field of \u00a0ICT and computer science. He contributed to the implementation of RASCOM as a continental expert and chaired the RASCOM Board of Directors in 1994 and 1995. He attended most of the ICT and ITU big conferences.<\/p>\n<p>He served also as a lecturer in the National School of post and telecommunications and in the African Institute of Informatics (IAI) \u00a0 from 1984 to 1987 in Libreville Gabon.<\/p>\n<p>He is \u00a0French-speaking, fluent in English and also graduated in English with a UN Proficiency.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Jean-Jacques-Massima--90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Jean-Jacques Massima-Landji                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Representative for Central Africa and Madagascar, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon, ITU                                                                         <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Amr-Ashour-256-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Amr Ashour                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Senior Manager, Government and Regulatory Engagement, OneWeb                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Amr Ashour an Engineer graduated in 2005 holds a Bachelor of Science (B.SC.) degree in Engineering and Technology, Electrical Engineering specialization (Electronics Engineering and communication technology Branch). Specialized in Regulatory, Market Access and business development of Telecommunication aspects of Satellites systems and Networks for 15+ years.<\/p>\n<p>During his area of expertise, he was exposed to several expertise and challenges, to have wide knowledge and experience in the International Radio Regulations, Radio Spectrum, Market Access, business development, telecommunications legislation, governments policies, negotiations, and licensing, which allows him to manage complex and innovative projects in challenging environment.<\/span><\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Amr-Ashour-256-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Amr Ashour                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Manager, Government and Regulatory Engagement, OneWeb                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dativa-Kabasinga-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Dativa Kabasinga                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Radiocommunications Licencing Officer, Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dativa-Kabasinga-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Dativa Kabasinga                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Radiocommunications Licencing Officer, Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Victor Kweka                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Victor Kweka                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Marius-Engelbrecht-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Marius Engelbrecht                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Senior Strategy Consultant,  Southern Africa Region Public Relations Department, Huawei                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>With 30+ years experience in the Telecommunication Industry Marius has held various Senior positions with extensive exposure to the Middle East and Africa pertaining to Product Management, Network Engineering, deployment and integration of Telecoms technologies. He is currently in the portfolio of Senior Strategy Consultant for Huawei Southern Africa Region.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Marius-Engelbrecht-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Marius Engelbrecht                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Strategy Consultant,  Southern Africa Region Public Relations Department, Huawei                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-11 hideExcerpt\" data-event=\"event-20221104-11\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">12:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">13:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Lunch<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-12\" data-event=\"event-20221104-12\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">13:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 6\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Back in 2013, an agreement was signed by 47 Sub-Saharan African countries to turn off broadcasting signals in the 700 MHz and 800 MHz bands by June 2015. At the time, this was hailed as a \u201clandmark <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">agreement that would make Africa the first region to be in position to allocate spectrum in the 700 MHz and 800 MHz digital dividend bands to mobile services&#8221;. We are now 7 years on from this deadline however, this objective of digital switchover has still not been achieved in many countries. And the situation often remains complex, with legal challenges amongst a number of other factors that is blocking progress across different countries. This session will look at the factors that have contributed to this continued delay in switchover and the challenges that still need to be overcome in order to finally be able to move forward. Looking wider across the UHF band, it will also build on the discussions that took place in the WRC-23 panel discussion earlier today, to explore the work that is being done to look at the future of the 470-694 MHz band, and the overall use and needs of existing services across the entire 470-960 MHz range. What does the future hold for the key users across the UHF frequencies, and how can it be ensured that the potential of spectrum in these frequencies is maximised for the benefit of all?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the current state of play with regards to digital migration and the re-assignment of the 700MHz and 800MHz bands across the region? More than 7 years on from the agreed deadline, is the end in sight?<\/li>\n<li>What are the main factors that are still delaying this in countries that have not yet undertaken the switchover process and how can these be overcome?<\/li>\n<li>What progress has been made on studies that are being conducted ahead of WRC-23 into the feasibility of sharing and compatibility between broadcast and mobile services in the 470- 694 MHz band?<\/li>\n<li>To what extent can emerging new technologies and standards have the potential to help to make sharing of this kind a possibility either now or in the future?<\/li>\n<li>Could the emergence of 5G and more advanced technologies help facilitate new business models and closer co-ordination between the sectors? Given this, how important is it that a long-term view is taken when considering the future shape of the band?<\/li>\n<li>What sensitivities exist in this area, and what safeguards would need to be put in place to protect vital broadcasting services?<\/li>\n<li>Given the discussion that is taking place around the future of this band, to what extent is there an argument for countries still working to complete the digital switchover in the 700MHz band to also start exploring options in the 600MHz band at the same time?<\/li>\n<li>What are the future plans of the different users in the band (for example broadcasters, mobile, PMSE) and how can their requirements across the band be met in the medium to longer term?<\/li>\n<li>How can it be ensured that the potential of spectrum in these frequencies is maximised for the benefit of all?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mark-Colville-Conf-pic-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Mark Colville                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Principal, Analysys Mason                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Mark (Principal) is part of Analysys Mason&#8217;s Regulation practice, and is based in the company&#8217;s Cambridge office. He joined Analysys Mason in 2003 and has advised a variety of clients, including national regulators, fixed and mobile operators, media players, equipment vendors and investors on a wide range of projects around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Mark&#8217;s work focuses mainly on radio spectrum and wider regulatory issues across the telecoms and media sectors. Among other topics, he has particular expertise in spectrum valuation and auction support, spectrum policy, and forecasting the future demand for spectrum.<\/p>\n<p>His other areas of expertise include media regulation, with a focus on competition issues in pay-TV markets, content rights issues and TV advertising. Mark&#8217;s wider regulatory experience includes work on a range of competition issues, such as wholesale pricing, predatory pricing and margin-squeeze analysis, and core and access network cost modelling. Mark has also advised on the pricing of fixed and mobile telephony services and has managed several projects to support operators in the introduction of new tariff plans.<\/p>\n<p>Mark trained as a mathematician and has an MA from the University of Cambridge, as well as a Diploma in Computer Science, also from Cambridge.<\/span><\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mark-Colville-Conf-pic-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Mark Colville                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Principal, Analysys Mason                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Scott_McKenzie-copy-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Scott McKenzie                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Director, Coleago Consulting                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Scott has over 20 years experience in the telecoms sector. Formerly the Chief Strategy Officer for KPN\u2019s International Mobile division and CEO of KPN\u2019s \u20ac1bn Mobile Wholesale business. Prior to that he worked in the City as an equity analyst and earlier in his career for Arthur D. Little, Ericsson and Telstra. He holds a BE in electrical engineering from Melbourne University and an MBA from Oxford University. During the past years, Scott has run many LTE strategy and spectrum valuation and auction projects.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Scott_McKenzie-copy-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Scott McKenzie                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Director, Coleago Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/RLG-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Ronel le Grange                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head of Electronic Communications, CRAN                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>A dedicated and experienced communications professional with 26 year\u2019s experience in the communications industry including 9 year\u2019s regulatory experience in the broadcasting and telecommunications industry being employed with the Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia since 2012. She has been instrumental in setting regulatory frameworks in Namibia for spectrum management, infrastructure sharing, quality of service, type approval, numbering and a service technology neutral licensing regime for the telecommunications and broadcasting industry including drafting of regulations and consultative documents. Prior to joining the regulator she was responsible for various technical and commercial projects from scoping and planning stage to completion for two mobile operators in Namibia. Currently she serves as vice chairperson of the CRASA Electronic Communications Committee, SADC Rapporteur for Agenda Item 1.5 and Vice-Coordinator for chapter 1 and ATU champion for Agenda Item 1.5 in preparation for WRC-23 as well as Chairperson of WG2 within ITU TG 6\/1 for Agenda Item 1.5.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/RLG-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Ronel le Grange                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Electronic Communications, CRAN                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nada-Abdelhafez-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Nada Abdelhafez                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head of Spectrum & Regulatory Affairs, MEA region, Shure (on behalf of APWPT)                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Nada Abdelhafez is Head of Spectrum &amp; Regulatory Affairs for Middle East and Africa at Shure Inc. In her role, she educates and promotes the spectrum needs for the PMSE industry in the MEA region. She influences regulations, ensures access for spectrum, advocates spectrum policy and promotes new technologies for audio PMSE. Nada works closely with administrations, regulatory authorities and policy makers to enable PMSE in MEA.<\/p>\n<p>Before joining Shure, Nada worked for Etisalat UAE, where she was involved in various activities related to spectrum management, technology standardization and technology regulatory support.<\/p>\n<p>Nada holds a Master\u2019s degree in Electrical Engineering and has several publications related to optimization and deep learning in audio and video streaming.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nada-Abdelhafez-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Nada Abdelhafez                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Spectrum & Regulatory Affairs, MEA region, Shure (on behalf of APWPT)                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bertus-Ehmke-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Bertus Ehmke                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    General Manager: Technical Regulation, MTN                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bertus Ehmke is the Group Head of Technical Regulatory Affairs in the MTN Group. He has worked in MTN in various capacities in the past 25 years throughout Africa and the Middle East<\/p>\n<p>Formerly, he served in Group Technology leading Technology and Spectrum Strategy.<\/p>\n<p>He represents the Group\u2019s interests at several industry fora such as the GSMA Future Spectrum Group, Strategic Spectrum Management Group, Future of Spectrum Access Group and EMF Forum.<\/p>\n<p>Bertus holds Bachelor\u2019s Degrees in Electronic Engineering, Commerce and Marketing Management and a Diploma in Mobile Communications<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bertus-Ehmke-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Bertus Ehmke                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            General Manager: Technical Regulation, MTN                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Joe-frans-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Joe Frans                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    AUB Expert, Broadcast Networks Europe                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Joe-frans-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Joe Frans                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            AUB Expert, Broadcast Networks Europe                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-13 hideExcerpt\" data-event=\"event-20221104-13\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">14:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Afternoon Refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-14\" data-event=\"event-20221104-14\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">14:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">15:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in China<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in China image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Yao-Zhou-CU-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Yao Zhou                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Leader of Spectrum and Policy Research Group, China Unicom                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Leader of Spectrum and Policy Research Group \u00a0of China Unicom, responsible for interference coordination solution between 5G and FSS in C band, and it&#8217;s national implementation.<\/span><\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in China image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Yao-Zhou-CU-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Yao Zhou                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Leader of Spectrum and Policy Research Group, China Unicom                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-15\" data-event=\"event-20221104-15\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">15:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">15:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in Germany<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in Germany image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alex-Kuhn-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Alexander Kuehn                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Head of Spectrum, BNetzA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p class=\"\">Alexander Kuhn is a Senior Government Official at the German Federal Network Agency (BNetzA).<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">He is Deputy Head of Section &#8220;International Frequency affairs, frequency utilization concepts and the frequency usage plan&#8221; and the preparation for World Radiocommunication Conferences is under his responsibility. He lead the European countries (CEPT) at WRC 2015 and 2019.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in Germany image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alex-Kuhn-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Alexander Kuehn                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Spectrum, BNetzA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-hidden event-20221104-16\" data-event=\"event-20221104-16\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-2 col-xs-12 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-sm-9 col-xs-10 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 visible-xs event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <span class=\"time-starts\">15:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                            - <span class=\"time-ends\">16:30<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range?<\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-xs-2 col-sm-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                                    <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2 col-xs-12\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 6\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>The 3.4GHz-3.6GHz portion of the C-band has been allocated to mobile on a primary basis across Africa and many other regions of the world. The future of the 3.3GHz-3.4GHz and the 3.6GHz-3.8GHz portions is due to be discussed in detail at WRC-23. Regulators and policymakers tasked to make a decision on this highly sought after spectrum are faced with the question of where the balance lies when looking to meet the needs of both mobile and satellite in the 3.3-4.2 GHz band that both see as vital to their future. This session will explore the work being done in this area both ahead of WRC-23 and more broadly, and the positions that are emerging. It will look at the extent to which it is important that a harmonised approach is achieved both within the Africa and across region 1, as well as discussing the possibility of co-existence between mobile and satellite in the band, and the extent to which new emerging technologies could help to make this a more realistic option.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Where should the balance lie when considering access for mobile and satellite across the 3.3-4.2 GHz C-band that both sectors see as crucial for their future?<\/li>\n<li>What are the key issues for consideration for national and regional delegations studying both the 3.3-3.4GHz and the 3.6-3.8GHz portions of the band ahead of its discussion at WRC23?<\/li>\n<li>What is the level of use of the C-band by satellite services, and specifically of the 3.6-3.8GHz portion of the band?<\/li>\n<li>To what extent is there still a need for additional mid-band spectrum in the C-band to be allocated to the mobile service and identified for IMT to meet the either current or future needs for 5G?<\/li>\n<li>To what extent could there be potential in the future to explore the use of the 3.8GHz -4.2GHz portion of the band to help meet these needs of 5G, particularly in urban areas?<\/li>\n<li>What progress has been seen in rolling out 5G in countries that have made C-band spectrum available for this both in Africa and elsewhere? What take-up rates have been seen and what challenges have been faced?<\/li>\n<li>What are the current challenges of delivering interference-free co-existence between mobile and satellite in the C-band? What work is being done to tackle these, and could there be the scope for advancing technology to assist with the situation at any point in the near future?<\/li>\n<li>How can it be ensured that both the efficiency and the socio-economic value of the spectrum across these key frequencies is maximised for consumers and societies across the Sub-Saharan region?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\">\n<p>Jonathan supports telecoms operators and regulators in areas including 5G network strategy, spectrum valuation and cost modelling. In particular, he has managed the development of complex quantitative models used to help operators develop their approach to 5G and to prepare for 5G spectrum auctions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\">\n<p align=\"justify\">Jonathan\u2019s core expertise is in supporting clients to assess their spectrum strategy, often ahead of major spectrum awards. This includes regulatory support, spectrum valuation, network strategy and bid strategy work. He has also supported clients to develop their business plans, and to prepare network costing models ahead of regulatory processes.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Aetha, Jonathan studied Physical Sciences at the University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Wako-Gababo-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Gababo Wako                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Spectrum Manager, Communications Authority of Kenya                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Wako-Gababo-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Gababo Wako                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Spectrum Manager, Communications Authority of Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Hazem-Moakkit-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Hazem Moakkit                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Vice President, Spectrum Strategy, Intelsat                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Hazem Moakkit is a veteran of the satellite industry where he has worked for over 22 years in various capacities. He currently serves as the Vice President of Spectrum Development at O3b Networks where he leads the creation and implementation of O3b\u2019s global spectrum strategy.<br \/>\nPrior to O3b, Hazem spent 5 years at Yahsat in the United Arab Emirates as the Director or Regulatory &amp; Spectrum Affairs where he created and managed the spectrum strategy, and was a key member of the corporate strategy team. Mr. Moakkit led the acquisition of vital orbital assets for the start-up operator and worked closely with regulators to obtain the required licenses. He was also instrumental in formulating the expansion strategy for Yahsat in Africa and South America.<br \/>\nPrior to joining Yahsat, Mr. Moakkit worked in various roles at Intelsat (previously PanAmSat) where he rose through the ranks to become a key member of the spectrum &amp; regulatory group in Washington. There, Mr. Moakkit was responsible for frequency coordination activities for the Intelsat fleet of over 50 satellites spanning multiple administrations. During his tenure, he also worked in various system and sales engineering roles.<br \/>\nEarly on in his career, Mr. Moakkit was a system integrator at ATCI, a nascent yet ambitious satellite system integrator based in Mesa, Arizona. While at ATCI he gained valuable hands-on experience designing, building and operating RF systems for Fortune 500 clients.<br \/>\nMr. Moakkit holds a bachelor\u2019s degree in Electrical Engineering from Arizona State University, an MBA degree from Georgetown University.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Hazem-Moakkit-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Hazem Moakkit                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Vice President, Spectrum Strategy, Intelsat                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/25_Kamal_Tamawa-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Kamal Tamawa                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Director of Public Policy, SSA, GSMA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                <p>Kamal is a Policy Manager on the Africa Team. In his role, Kamal is involved in the delivery of GSMA Advocacy programmes in the Sub-Saharan Africa region and the dissemination of messages on a wide variety of policy topics, including Spectrum.<\/p>\n<p>He has worked with the Nigerian Telecoms Regulator and, prior to joining the GSMA, he worked with Etisalat Nigeria where he managed Regulatory Compliance, Spectrum Policy and Technical Regulatory matters. Kamal has also been a member of the Technical Advisory Committee that prepares Nigeria\u2019 s participation at International fora on spectrum and other technical matters.<\/p>\n<p>Kamal holds a B.Sc in Computer Engineering from the American University of Cyprus and an M.Sc in Mobile and Personal Communications from King\u2019s College London. In his spare time, he indulges in Photography and has been witnessed cheering for Manchester United.<\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/25_Kamal_Tamawa-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Kamal Tamawa                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Director of Public Policy, SSA, GSMA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basebi-e1666797213737-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Basebi J.Mosinyi                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Vice-Chairperson at ATU WG4B-Satellite Issues and Deputy Director, Spectrum Management, BOCRA                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basebi-e1666797213737-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Basebi J.Mosinyi                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Vice-Chairperson at ATU WG4B-Satellite Issues and Deputy Director, Spectrum Management, BOCRA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row mobile\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                                <div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bashir-Gwandu-pic_1-118x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                                    Bashir Gwandu                                                                                <\/a>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                                    Chairman, Commonwealth ITU Group                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-2\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter artist-image artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bashir-Gwandu-pic_1-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container artist-single-row\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                        Bashir Gwandu                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, Commonwealth ITU Group                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            \r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <!-- End Mobile theme -->\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <!-- Desktop theme -->\r\n        <div class=\"hidden-mobile\">\r\n                            <div class=\"row scheduled-locations desktop locations-hidden\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\">\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"row scheduled-locations desktop locations-hidden\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\">\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n            \r\n            <div class=\"scheduled-events desktop\">\r\n                                \r\n                                        \r\n                                                                    <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">09:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>To help set the scene for the event and identify some concrete aims and objectives, keynote speakers will be asked as part of their presentation to give an overview of what they see as the key spectrum challenges and opportunities for the region; and on what they feel should be the spectrum targets for the region in the short, medium and long term. These presentations will then be followed by an interactive voting session, where both in-person and virtual attendees will be asked to add their thoughts on these 2 questions, before a panel discussion involving key industry and policy voices is held to address the points that have been raised, and to look at the best way forward to deliver a spectrum strategy that works for Africa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mario-Maniewicz-2-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Mario Maniewicz                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Director BR, ITU                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Mr. Mario Maniewicz was elected Director of the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2018 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He took office on 1 January 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Mario Maniewicz is an electronic engineer specialized in telecommunications. He has been with the ITU for over 30 years, where he has held various positions of responsibility in the Radiocommunication and Development Bureaux as well as in ITU Regional Offices.<\/p>\n<p>As Director, Mr. Maniewicz is responsible for the management of the Radiocommunication Bureau, which organizes and co-ordinates the work of the Radiocommunication Sector whose aim is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mario-Maniewicz-2-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Mario Maniewicz                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Director BR, ITU                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/John-Omo-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            John Omo                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Secretary General, ATU                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/John-Omo-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                John Omo                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Secretary General, ATU                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/silence-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Khumbudzo Phophi Silence Ntshavheni                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Minister for Communications and Digital Technologies of South Africa                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Ms Khumbudzo Ntshavheni is the Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies. She holds an MBA degree from the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom. She is also a graduate of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), where she read for her undergraduate degree in Political Science and concurrently completed two postgraduate degrees in Development Studies and Labour Relations. She matriculated from Mbilwi Secondary school in Sibasa, Limpopo. Mbilwi remains one of the best performing public schools.<\/p>\n<p>She started her career as a junior lecturer at the University Of South Africa (UNISA) and then proceeded to be South Africa&#8217;s youngest and first female Spokesperson of a Premier (Premier Ramatlhodi of Northern Province\/ Limpopo). She later worked as a Chief Information Officer for the department of Local Government and Housing (Limpopo) and a Manager for Tourism Investment for the Trade and Investment Limpopo (TIL). Ms Ntshavheni was once the youngest Municipal Manager in South Africa when she worked in that position for the Ba- Phalaborwa Municipal Council and she also worked as Chief Operations Officer at the State IT Agency (SITA).<\/p>\n<p>Her political career cuts across both the student and youth movements. She was the youngest activist and part of the leadership of the South African Youth Congress (SAYCO) in the then Northern Transvaal. She was part of the young student activists who mobilised and led the Congress of South African Students (COSAS) after it had unbanned itself in 1989.<\/p>\n<p>On the day of the release of President Nelson Mandela, she addressed the Far Northern Transvaal sub-region&#8217;s (present day Vhembe Region) impromptu celebration rally on behalf of the Pioneers Movement she was leading. At the age of 14, she convinced President Nelson Mandela to adopt 16 years as the voting age of South Africa during the CODESA negotiations (this was when President Cyril Ramaphosa was the Secretary-General of the ANC). She has led both the youth and student movement at various capacity, including national executive committees. She has also led the ANC in her home Province of Limpopo including at the Provincial Executive Committee level, which she was also a Spokesperson for.<br \/>\nBefore joining the 6th Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, Ms Ntshavheni was a serial entrepreneur with interests in transport, FMCG and agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>His Excellency, President Cyril Ramaphosa appointed her the Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies on 05 August 2021. She was previously appointed Minister for Small Business Development on 29 May 2019 and acting Minister in the Presidency on 27 January 2021 until 05 August 2021<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Setting the scene &#8211; Key spectrum challenges, opportunities and targets for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/silence-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Khumbudzo Phophi Silence Ntshavheni                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Minister for Communications and Digital Technologies of South Africa                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">10:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">11:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<ul>\n<li>What do you see as the key spectrum challenges for the region, and how would you respond to the messages from the keynote speakers and from the audience vote?<\/li>\n<li>Given the different pace of technological development that is seen across the region in areas such as 5G rollout etc., how can the goal of a co-ordinated approach to spectrum management be achieved? How can the needs of all countries and regions across the continent be taken into account in the development of this?<\/li>\n<li>What role can spectrum play in driving forward the development of emerging new technologies, and how can it be ensured that a forward looking and cohesive strategy is put in place to enable this?<\/li>\n<li>What progress has been made in ensuring that the required spectrum is available to deliver the sustainable, wide-reaching and reliable connectivity that is crucial to the future growth of countries across Sub-Saharan Africa?<\/li>\n<li>How can it be ensured that once spectrum is allocated, it is brought to market as quickly and as efficiently as possible?<\/li>\n<li>How can spectrum be best harnessed to help contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other pressing societal challenges for the region?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Hans-Martin Ihle                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Hans-Martin Ihle is a member of NERA&#8217;s global Auctions Practice, which focuses on the design of allocation mechanisms, including auctions and trading, bidding strategy, and related competition, pricing, regulatory, and public policy issues. Mr. Ihle has nearly 10 years of experience in the design and implementation of auctions. He advises NERA clients on auctions and regulatory issues in energy, communications, and other sectors worldwide with a focus on the Asia-Pacific Region.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining NERA, Mr. Ihle worked for an economic consultancy in London. During this time, he advised on the design and implementation of spectrum auctions in over a dozen countries. Mr. Ihle also implemented the software used in seven combinatorial spectrum auctions in Europe to determine winners and prices from thousands of competing bids.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle advises both government bodies and companies on regulatory and policy issues in relation to spectrum management. For example, he advised UK regulator Ofcom on the development of methodologies for setting annual licence fees for liberalised 900MHz and 1800MHz spectrum to reflect full market value. His advice included the development and implementation of methodologies to determine the full market value of comparable spectrum sold in the 4G auction in 2013 using the bids submitted in this auction. For bidders, he has convened workshops on bidding strategy and run mock auctions to help the bid team understand the likely dynamics of the real auction. Mr. Ihle has developed software to support the chosen bid strategy and to analyze the behavior of other bidders. He also provides onsite client support during auctions.<\/p>\n<p>In the energy arena, Mr. Ihle has worked on the design of a procurement auction for balancing services. He has also conducted research on a novel mechanism to remunerate capacity in electricity markets.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle holds a Masters in Economics from the University of Cambridge, where he specialized in industrial organization, game theory, and applied econometrics.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Hans-Martin Ihle                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Eiman-photo-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Eiman Mohyeldin                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Global Head of Spectrum Standardization, Nokia                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Eiman Mohyeldin is the global Head of Spectrum Standardization for Nokia, responsible for defining and executing Nokia&#8217;s spectrum strategy and leading Nokia&#8217;s engagement on spectrum matters with customers, regulators authorities and partners in the ecosystem worldwide. She is actively involved in the World Radio Conference (WRC) process, participating in the WRC Conferences and preparatory meetings (CPM). Eiman has also contributed and led groups for the IMT technology process (4G, 5G and recently the 6G) in ITU and CEPT. Eiman is Co-Coordinator in CEPT\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/myitu\/News\/2020\/11\/27\/18\/29\/NOW4WRC23-inspiring-new-generation-women-in-radiocommunications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NOW4WRC23<\/a>\u00a0promoting gender equity and parity in CEPT and IT<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Eiman-photo-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Eiman Mohyeldin                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Global Head of Spectrum Standardization, Nokia                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Dr-Bienvenu-AGBOKPONTO-SOGLO_Headshot_Intel-copy-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Director, Government Affairs Africa, Intel                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Dr. Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo is the Director, Government Affairs Africa &amp; IGA CTO Liaison, and a Principal Engineer at Intel Corporation. In his current role, Dr Agbokponto Soglo is responsible for developing policy strategies and advocating for favourable government policies, regulations, and standards to support Intel&#8217;s business interests in Africa. He leads the policy and government affairs work in Africa in areas such as 5G, broadband, artificial intelligence, privacy and security and other digital transformation policies. In addition, he also leads engagements with Universities, Research Institutions, NGOs in the International Government Affairs (IGA) group; for research focused on emerging technologies and projects\/initiatives at the intersection of policy and technology.<\/p>\n<p>He has more than 17 years\u2019 experience and a strong track record working in the ICT and telecommunication industry with expertise in mobile telecommunication technologies, global and regional spectrum policy, broadband strategy, corporate social responsibility, as well as governmental ICT policies. Before joining Intel Corporation in 2018, Dr Agbokponto Soglo worked at Qualcomm for more than 10 years, first as Staff Engineer then as Government Affairs Director for West and Central Africa. Prior to that, he worked at Huawei Technologies as Wireless Product Manager.<\/p>\n<p>He has published several technical papers on Network Control Systems in International Journals and Conferences, including in the European Journal of Control. He has also presented at many international forums, conferences and meetings across the globe including at the WTO and the ITU; and held leadership positions in ITU-R Working Party 5D; and is the Chair of the GSA ATU Spectrum team.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Agbokponto Soglo holds a Ph.D. degree in Control Science &amp; Engineering from Beijing Tsinghua University (2005), an MSc in Control Theory &amp; Control Engineering from Dalian University of Technology (2002), and a BSc in Automatic Control from Dalian Maritime University (1999), China. He has excellent proficiency in English, French and Mandarin.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Dr-Bienvenu-AGBOKPONTO-SOGLO_Headshot_Intel-copy-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Bienvenu Agbokponto Soglo                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Director, Government Affairs Africa, Intel                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cecil-Ameil-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Cecil Ameil                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Chair, Regulatory Working Group, GSOA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>The Luxembourg-based satellite operator on public affairs and regulatory matters with the European Union (EU), the CEPT, the Council of Europe and the ITU, under the responsibility of the SES General Counsel. He\u2018s now responsible for SES regulatory affairs (advocacy and licensing) in Europe, Africa and Middle East.<br \/>\nC\u00e9cil looks back at more than 20 years of experience in dealing with regulatory affairs, specialised in ICT regulations for media and telecommunications. His dedicated expertise covers the supervision and impact of telecoms legislations and spectrum policies, in the context of increased liberalisation in radio frequency management and usage.<br \/>\nC\u00e9cil has been the chairperson of the working group on regulation in ESOA (EMEA Satellite Operators Association) for several years. In this capacity, he represents the satellite sector for the development of electronic communications regulation in Europe, Africa and Middle East, and he defends the interests of the space industry in multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations between the EU and the rest of the world.<br \/>\nAs an active member of the Global VSAT Forum (GVF), C\u00e9cil Ameil is also contributing to the coordination of the satellite sector\u2018s efforts to defend access to and usage of essential radio spectrum at regional and ITU levels (including for WRCs).<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cecil-Ameil-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Cecil Ameil                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Chair, Regulatory Working Group, GSOA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Moshe-Masonta-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Dr Moshe Masonta                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Research Group Leader and Principal Researcher, CSIR                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Moshe is responsible for developing and implementing the research, development, and innovation strategy for the CSIR within the Networked Systems and Applications impact area.<br \/>\nDr Masonta has over 20 years of experience in the telecommunication sector and holds a Doctorate Degree in Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications Technology). His work contributed towards the development of evidence-based regulations and policy directives on spectrum use and management. Recently, he was part of the Department of Communication and Digital Technologies in Communication delegate to the International Telecommunication Union\u2019s 2022 Plenipotentiary conference in Romania.<br \/>\nHis research interests are in radio frequency (RF) spectrum management for wireless communications technologies, 5G Open Radio Access Networks, television white space technologies, Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies, alternative broadband wireless networks for bridging the digital divide, and supporting the national policymakers and regulators within the space of wireless communications and RF spectrum.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 1 &#8211; Panel discussion: Delivering a spectrum strategy that works for Africa image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Moshe-Masonta-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Dr Moshe Masonta                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Research Group Leader and Principal Researcher, CSIR                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible hideExcerpt\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">11:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">11:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Morning refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">11:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">13:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Despite the challenging environment created by the global pandemic, preparations for WRC-23 are progressing well. Both within Africa and elsewhere in Region 1, positions are starting to emerge and good progress on preparatory studies is being seen. And now, less than a month after this event, the second inter-regional workshop is due to be held, providing the latest opportunity for different regions to come together to discuss these emerging positions. This session will provide the opportunity to take stock in the build-up to that meeting and at the progress on preparation that is being made both in Africa and elsewhere. As we move towards the final year of preparation for WRC-23, it will discuss the challenges ahead and the work that still needs to be done to ensure a successful outcome for WRC-23 for the Sub-Sahara region and more broadly.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0What impact has the pandemic had on preparation for WRC-23, and to what extent is preparation on track both in Africa and elsewhere?<\/span><\/li>\n<li>What key outcomes and positions emerged at the most recent ATU preparatory meeting, which was held a few months ago?<\/li>\n<li>Are we seeing consensuses starting to emerge with regards to the development of a common position across any of the key agenda items?<\/li>\n<li>How do these emerging positions compare with those that are starting to be seen elsewhere in region 1 and on a global level?<\/li>\n<li>Are we on track with regards to the preparatory studies that have been taking place and the drafting of text for the CPM?<\/li>\n<li>Which issues are expected to be the most challenging in finding agreement both within Africa and across region 1 more broadly?<\/li>\n<li>What are the key challenges that remain in the final year of preparation for WRC-23, and how can stakeholders in Africa work together to ensure the most successful outcome at the conference for the region as a whole?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kezias-MWALE-5-2-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Kezias Mwale                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Radiocommunications Coordinator, ATU                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Kezias Mwale is Radiocommunications Coordinator at African Telecommunications Union.\u00a0 He started his spectrum management career as a junior engineer in 2003 at the Zambia ICT Authority, rising to manager spectrum management in 2010 \u2013 a position he held until his appointment by the African Telecommunications Union (ATU) as a Radiocommunications Coordinator in 2012. He has been a keen and active contributor to national, regional and international spectrum management successes including development of the first Zambian national spectrum plan, the SADC spectrum plan, the GE-06 Conference during which he was appointed one of the planning experts for Eastern and Southern Africa. He has immensely contributed to the current improved status of Radiocommunications affairs of ATU.<\/p>\n<p>Mr Mwale holds an MSc in Broadband and Mobile Communications with distinction from the University of Kent (2008), and an MBA from the University of Nicosia (2017).<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kezias-MWALE-5-2-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Kezias Mwale                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Radiocommunications Coordinator, ATU                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/El-Hadjar-Abdouramane-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            El Hadjar Abdouramane                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Working Group on Fixed and Mobile Services for WRC-23                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/El-Hadjar-Abdouramane-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                El Hadjar Abdouramane                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Chairman, ATU Working Group on Fixed and Mobile Services for WRC-23                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Baxton Sirewu                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Baxton Sirewu                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Ross-Bateson-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Ross Bateson                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Special Advisor, GSMA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Ross-Bateson-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Ross Bateson                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Special Advisor, GSMA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/linden-petzer-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Linden Petzer                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Consultant for Africa, GSOA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/linden-petzer-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Linden Petzer                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Senior Consultant for Africa, GSOA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Shiv-B-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Shiv Bakhshi                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            VP, Industry Relations, Group Function Technology, Ericsson                                                                         <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Shiv-B-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Shiv Bakhshi                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    VP, Industry Relations, Group Function Technology, Ericsson                                                                 <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Walid-Sami-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Walid Sami                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Project Manager, European Broadcasting Union                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Dr. Walid SAMI is Senior Project Manager at the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Geneva, with responsibility for co-coordinating studies on frequency planning and spectrum sharing issues. He represents EBU in number of European and International Forums dealing with Spectrum Management. He is Vice Chair of ITU-R Study Group 6 (Broadcasting) and mostly active in Working Parties 6A (Terrestrial broadcasting delivery) and 1A (Spectrum engineering techniques). Dr. SAMI has also a significant role in developing cooperation with Arab States Broadcasting Union and African Union of Broadcasters as well as Administrations members of ITU-D.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 2: WRC-23 &#8211; progress, challenges and opportunities in Africa and across Region 1 image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Walid-Sami-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Walid Sami                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Senior Project Manager, European Broadcasting Union                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible hideExcerpt\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">13:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Lunch<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 3: Continuing the path towards a harmonized continental 5G strategy<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>At each of the last 4 editions of this conference, a session has been held that has charted the progress, challenges and opportunities as Sub-Sahara embarks on the path to 5G and looks to deliver a harmonized continental strategy that will help to unleash its true potential. Continuing the discussion, this session will look at the work that has taken place over the last 12 months to build on crucial policy recommendations that were set out last year by ATU, and the work that is being done at a regional level by the African Union Commission. With 5G now a reality in Africa and networks starting to be rolled out across countries including Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria, how can the goal of regional harmonisation be achieved, and what impact can this have on laying the ground for the full potential of 5G to be seen?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">How important are regional harmonisation efforts and what impact can they have on delivering an environment that encourages mobile network operators to scale up 5G-related investment across the African continent?<\/span><\/li>\n<li>What recommendations on spectrum policy were put forward by ATU and the African Union last year, and what progress has been made on putting these into practice?<\/li>\n<li>What lessons can be taken from those countries that have started to rollout 5G networks across the region, and how can the experiences of these early-movers help contribute to the harmonised regional approach that is being worked towards?<\/li>\n<li>What mix of technologies and solutions are best going to meet the needs of Africa\u2019s 5G future, and how can it be ensured that both the infrastructure and spectrum is in place to deliver this?<\/li>\n<li>What role can the emergence of 5G play in helping to meet the needs of vertical industries across Africa? How can the potential of different technologies and connectivity models be harnessed in order to ensure the sometimes very varied needs of different users are met?<\/li>\n<li>What challenges still remain as Africa continues on the path towards a 5G future? How can it be ensured that the benefits of future network technologies are felt by all societies across the region, including those in developing areas and low-income consumers?<\/li>\n<li>How close are we to achieving the goal of a coordinated roadmap for the rollout of 5G across the region?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">14:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Setting The Scene &#8211; Introduction from the Moderator<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Setting The Scene &#8211; Introduction from the Moderator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-120x120.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Elizabeth Migwalla is Senior Director and Head of Government Affairs (Africa) for Qualcomm International Incorporated (Qualcomm). In this role, which she has held for eight years, Elizabeth interfaces directly with key government ministries, regulatory authorities as well as regional and international regulatory forums, in order to drive the adoption of advanced broadband wireless technologies and service on the continent.<\/p>\n<p>Elizabeth\u2019s distinguished career in various aspects of telecommunications engineering, operations, services and policy spans more than 31 years. She has built a reputation as one of Africa\u2019s leading experts on communications policy through her many accomplishments during this period. In 2012 Elizabeth was named among the top 50 female executives in Middle East and Africa by CommsMEA magazine.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Qualcomm Elizabeth served The Boeing Company as its Regional Director for Regulatory Affairs for four years. Elizabeth also performed a similar role for ICO Global Communications for a period of five years.<\/p>\n<p>Before entering the private sector in 1997, Elizabeth worked at the Kenya Post and Telecommunications Corporation, as both head of its International Services and Planning and Engineering departments. Elizabeth holds Bachelor\u2019s and Master\u2019s degrees in Engineering from the University of Nairobi (Kenya), and an MBA from Bond University in Australia.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Setting The Scene &#8211; Introduction from the Moderator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-90x90.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">14:05<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Presentation<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Baxton Sirewu                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Baxton Sirewu                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">14:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Kenya<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Kenya image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Daniel Obam                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Mr. Obam leads a cross-functional team of experts to advice the government on development of ICT sector policies, strategies and legislation.<\/p>\n<p>Expert in radiocommunication and spectrum anagement.<\/p>\n<p>Chair of ITU Radiocommunication Advisory Group (RAG).<\/p>\n<p>Awarded Head of State Commendation (HSC) by President of Kenya in recognition of distinguished &amp; outstanding services in ICT sector.<\/p>\n<p>MSc. Engineering Management \u2013 University of Southern California; BSc. \u2013 University of Nairobi<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Kenya image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Daniel Obam                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">14:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Nigeria<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Nigeria image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Abraham Oshadami                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Engineer Abraham Oshadami is the Head of Spectrum Administration Department of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and has worked in the NCC for over 18 years.<\/p>\n<p>A First-Class Graduate of Electrical engineering from the University of Ibadan Nigeria with more than 28 years of experience in various industry sectors both in Private and Public in the areas of Information Technology, Computer hardware designs and Maintenance, Information System Management and Spectrum Management.<\/p>\n<p>He has represented Nigeria in various international capacity and events such African Telecommunications Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). He is a registered Engineer with the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and a member of the West African Society for Communication and Administration (WASCA)<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Case Study &#8211; 5G Rollout in Nigeria image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Abraham Oshadami                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">14:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">15:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Panel Discussion<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-120x120.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Elizabeth Migwalla is Senior Director and Head of Government Affairs (Africa) for Qualcomm International Incorporated (Qualcomm). In this role, which she has held for eight years, Elizabeth interfaces directly with key government ministries, regulatory authorities as well as regional and international regulatory forums, in order to drive the adoption of advanced broadband wireless technologies and service on the continent.<\/p>\n<p>Elizabeth\u2019s distinguished career in various aspects of telecommunications engineering, operations, services and policy spans more than 31 years. She has built a reputation as one of Africa\u2019s leading experts on communications policy through her many accomplishments during this period. In 2012 Elizabeth was named among the top 50 female executives in Middle East and Africa by CommsMEA magazine.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Qualcomm Elizabeth served The Boeing Company as its Regional Director for Regulatory Affairs for four years. Elizabeth also performed a similar role for ICO Global Communications for a period of five years.<\/p>\n<p>Before entering the private sector in 1997, Elizabeth worked at the Kenya Post and Telecommunications Corporation, as both head of its International Services and Planning and Engineering departments. Elizabeth holds Bachelor\u2019s and Master\u2019s degrees in Engineering from the University of Nairobi (Kenya), and an MBA from Bond University in Australia.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Elizabeth-Migwalla-90x90.webp\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Elizabeth Migwalla                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Vice President Government Affairs, Qualcomm                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Daniel Obam                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Mr. Obam leads a cross-functional team of experts to advice the government on development of ICT sector policies, strategies and legislation.<\/p>\n<p>Expert in radiocommunication and spectrum anagement.<\/p>\n<p>Chair of ITU Radiocommunication Advisory Group (RAG).<\/p>\n<p>Awarded Head of State Commendation (HSC) by President of Kenya in recognition of distinguished &amp; outstanding services in ICT sector.<\/p>\n<p>MSc. Engineering Management \u2013 University of Southern California; BSc. \u2013 University of Nairobi<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Daniel-Obam_resized-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Daniel Obam                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Communications Secretary, National Communications Secretariat, Kenya                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Baxton Sirewu                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Baxton-Sirewu-original-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Baxton Sirewu                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Chairman, ATU Task Group on Emerging Technologies                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Photo-Franklin-Kano-Ocharo-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Franklin Kano Ocharo                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Fixed Data, Tribe Lead, Safaricom Plc Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Franklin has over 15 years\u2019 experience in IT &#038; Telecoms industry spanning both technical and commercial roles. In the current role he is responsible for the Fixed Data business charged with delivering great Customer Experience to enable Safaricom become the trusted partner of choice for connectivity, security and entertainment for Homes and Businesses. He has grown the business to connect over 250,000 customers using Fibre and Fixed Wireless Access technologies most recently using 5G. Beyond connectivity, he has delivered rich value adds to the connected customers such as content, internet security and parental control, Home Insurance, Converged Fixed and Mobile solutions, Surveillance among others. <\/p>\n<p>Franklin holds an MA in Project Planning and Management, BSc. in Computer Science and is currently pursuing an MA in Philosophy.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Photo-Franklin-Kano-Ocharo-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Franklin Kano Ocharo                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head of Fixed Data, Tribe Lead, Safaricom Plc Kenya                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Peter Djakwah                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Manager, Engineering, National Communications Authority, Ghana                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Peter Djakwah                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Manager, Engineering, National Communications Authority, Ghana                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Abraham Oshadami                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Engineer Abraham Oshadami is the Head of Spectrum Administration Department of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and has worked in the NCC for over 18 years.<\/p>\n<p>A First-Class Graduate of Electrical engineering from the University of Ibadan Nigeria with more than 28 years of experience in various industry sectors both in Private and Public in the areas of Information Technology, Computer hardware designs and Maintenance, Information System Management and Spectrum Management.<\/p>\n<p>He has represented Nigeria in various international capacity and events such African Telecommunications Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). He is a registered Engineer with the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and a member of the West African Society for Communication and Administration (WASCA)<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Panel Discussion image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/AbrahamOshadami-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Abraham Oshadami                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head Spectrum Administration, NCC Nigeria                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible hideExcerpt\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">15:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">16:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Afternoon Refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-03\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">16:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">17:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>African countries proposed at WRC-19 to study the identification of 6425-7125 MHz for IMT. The proposal is on the agenda of WRC-23.In July last year, a recommendation was made by ATU to enable licence-exempt technologies to operate in 5925-6425 MHz. Globally There is a debate on the balance of unlicensed and licensed services in the 5925-7125 MHz band. The IMT community argues that broadband connectivity in Africa is largely provided through mobile networks, and this band would provide additional capacity for 5G and for fixed wireless access in the future. On the other hand the WiFi community argue that making it available on a licence-exempt basis is vital to help addressing the digital divide, improving rural connectivity and accelerate economic innovation. This session will look at the arguments on both sides, and at where the balance of licenced and licence-exempt use across the 6Ghz band should lie.<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf Where does the balance lie between licenced and licence-exempt use across the 6Ghz spectrum?<br \/>\n\u25cf What is the status of the WRC-23 preparations and what should be the approach of the Sub-Sahara region to the upper portion of the band?<br \/>\n\u25cf What socio-economic benefits would be offered by making the spectrum in the band available on an unlicenced or a licensed basis respectively? What approach would provide the best option to maximise these benefits across both developed and developing countries in the Sub-Sahara region?<br \/>\n\u25cf To what extent is co-existence between incumbent and potential new users such as WiFi and 5G feasible? What are some potential challenges would this present and how could these be overcome?<br \/>\n\u25cf Is there a solution that would ensure that sufficient spectrum in the band is available for both WiFi and IMT users?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 8\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\">\n<p>Jonathan supports telecoms operators and regulators in areas including 5G network strategy, spectrum valuation and cost modelling. In particular, he has managed the development of complex quantitative models used to help operators develop their approach to 5G and to prepare for 5G spectrum auctions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\">\n<p align=\"justify\">Jonathan\u2019s core expertise is in supporting clients to assess their spectrum strategy, often ahead of major spectrum awards. This includes regulatory support, spectrum valuation, network strategy and bid strategy work. He has also supported clients to develop their business plans, and to prepare network costing models ahead of regulatory processes.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Aetha, Jonathan studied Physical Sciences at the University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Kalvin-Bahia-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Kalvin Bahia                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                             Principal Economist, GSMA Intelligence                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Kalvin is responsible for delivering economic analysis across a range of GSMA programmes and initiatives. He works particularly closely with Mobile for Development (M4D), overseeing the Mobile Connectivity Index and the Mobile Industry SDG Impact Report, and supports the Regulatory and Spectrum policy teams. Recent work includes analysing the impact of spectrum pricing on consumers and assessing policy options for the 6 GHz frequency band.  Before joining the GSMA, Kalvin worked at Ofcom and the UK Competition Commission.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Kalvin-Bahia-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Kalvin Bahia                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                     Principal Economist, GSMA Intelligence                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fargani-Tambeayuk-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Fargani Tambeayuk                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Connectivity Policy, Africa, Meta                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fargani-Tambeayuk-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Fargani Tambeayuk                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head of Connectivity Policy, Africa, Meta                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dick-Sono-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Dick Sono                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Chief Director Radio Frequency Spectrum, DTPS, South Africa                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dick-Sono-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Dick Sono                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Chief Director Radio Frequency Spectrum, DTPS, South Africa                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/arthur-gnonsou-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Arthur Gnonsou                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Spectrum Manager, ARCEP Benin                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio coming shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/arthur-gnonsou-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Arthur Gnonsou                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Spectrum Manager, ARCEP Benin                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mortimer-Hope-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Mortimer Hope                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Associate Director and Africa Lead, Policy Impact Partners                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>From September 2016 to date Mortimer Hope has been Managing Director of GH Communications, an ICT Policy, Regulatory, Strategy and Business Development Consultancy based in South Africa. He is also Associate Director and Africa Lead at Policy Impact Partners (PIP), a global Consultancy Platform which helps clients impact connectivity and digital policies. In these roles he has assisted large multinational organisations with connectivity policies and future spectrum advocacy. He has also provided regulatory training and assisted telecom operators with business strategy.<br \/>\nSome projects Mortimer has worked on include TV White Spaces regulatory frameworks in South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria and Ghana; High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) trial in South Africa and additional spectrum for HAPS at the ITU and African Telecommunications Union (ATU); Tiered Spectrum Sharing report covering South Africa, Colombia and Malaysia; Licence exempt Wi-Fi in the 6 GHz band (Wi-Fi 6E); Regulatory Sandbox Framework; rural broadband projects in Mozambique and Benin; and a HAPS study for the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.<br \/>\nMortimer is a regular speaker at Connectivity conferences in Africa. He has delivered presentations to various audiences, including to SADC Ministers responsible for ICT, on HAPS, rural broadband connectivity, spectrum sharing and the effects on humans of electromagnetic frequencies. He also publishes opinion pieces such as this one on connecting the unconnected.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mortimer-Hope-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Mortimer Hope                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Associate Director and Africa Lead, Policy Impact Partners                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cesar-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Cesar Gutierrez                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Africa Regulatory Policy, Huawei (on behalf of Ericsson, Huawei and Nokia)                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 4: To licence or not to licence? Maximising the socio-economic benefits of the 6GHz band image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cesar-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Cesar Gutierrez                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head of Africa Regulatory Policy, Huawei (on behalf of Ericsson, Huawei and Nokia)                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                            \r\n                                        \r\n                                                                    <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">09:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Opening Keynote Presentation<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Opening Keynote Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/charley-lewis-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Charley Lewis                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Acting Chairperson, ICASA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Charley Lewis (PhD, MComm) has extensive experience across the field of ICT sector policy and regulation, ranging from telecommunications and broadcasting to broadband and the Internet. His knowledge and expertise covers a wide array of key areas. These range from universal access and service, through the digital divide, consumer protection, quality of service, statistics and indicators, to spectrum management and the 4<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0industrial revolution.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Lewis\u2019 varied career includes: High School Teacher of Mathematics and English; Information Systems Analyst; HoD IT at COSATU (Congress of SA Trade Unions); Senior Lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand; and Independent Analyst and Researcher. He has managed and taught professional development and academic courses on ICT policy and regulation to policy-makers, regulators and industry practitioners.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Lewis holds a BA Hons in English, a Higher Education Diploma, an M Comm in Management of Information Systems, and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He is a published author, with his book,\u00a0<em>Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa: Universal Access and Service<\/em>\u00a0(Palgrave Press, 2020) following on from the research for his award-winning PhD thesis.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Lewis recently served on the Ministerial Task Team on Post-Covid-19 Economic Response Strategy, having previously been appointed to serve on South Africa\u2019s national ICT Policy Review Panel (2012-2015).<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Opening Keynote Presentation image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/charley-lewis-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Charley Lewis                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Acting Chairperson, ICASA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 5: Bringing the Spectrum to Market &#8211; Developing a bluepoint for effective spectrum pricing and award mechanisms in Africa<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>The process of bringing spectrum to market is not a simple one, and there are many different elements for regulators to consider when looking to design a process for assigning spectrum licences that ensures an efficient allocation of the available bandwidth at a fair price; and ultimately delivers a competitive market and encourages innovation. With a number of successful awards having taken place recently in the region, this session will provide the opportunity to look back at these and at the approaches that were taken. It will then move on to look more broadly at the different options that are available to regulators when looking at setting spectrum prices and designing award mechanisms, and at what needs to be done in order to ensure a successful outcome. Focussing on the importance of planning ahead and the role that the provision of a roadmap for spectrum release can play in helping to provide regulatory certainty and promote investment and innovation, it will look to the future and at what needs to be done to ensure that the full value of spectrum that is made available can be harnessed as quickly and as efficiently as possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study 1: A \u2018360 Degree\u2019 Case Study \u2013 The recent spectrum auction in South Africa<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>In March this year, ICASA successfully completed an auction of key spectrum bands, with six bidders paying a total of R14 billion for licences across the 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz bands. This session will offer a unique \u2018360 degree\u2019 case study of the auction and award process, with perspectives from the regulator responsible for the auction; the experts advising on design and strategy; and operators who took part and were successful in securing spectrum.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">09:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">The View from the Regulator<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Regulator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Peter-Zimri-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Peter Zimri                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Councillor, ICASA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Regulator image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Peter-Zimri-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Peter Zimri                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Councillor, ICASA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">09:25<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">The View from the Expert Advisor<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Hans-Martin Ihle                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Hans-Martin Ihle is a member of NERA&#8217;s global Auctions Practice, which focuses on the design of allocation mechanisms, including auctions and trading, bidding strategy, and related competition, pricing, regulatory, and public policy issues. Mr. Ihle has nearly 10 years of experience in the design and implementation of auctions. He advises NERA clients on auctions and regulatory issues in energy, communications, and other sectors worldwide with a focus on the Asia-Pacific Region.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining NERA, Mr. Ihle worked for an economic consultancy in London. During this time, he advised on the design and implementation of spectrum auctions in over a dozen countries. Mr. Ihle also implemented the software used in seven combinatorial spectrum auctions in Europe to determine winners and prices from thousands of competing bids.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle advises both government bodies and companies on regulatory and policy issues in relation to spectrum management. For example, he advised UK regulator Ofcom on the development of methodologies for setting annual licence fees for liberalised 900MHz and 1800MHz spectrum to reflect full market value. His advice included the development and implementation of methodologies to determine the full market value of comparable spectrum sold in the 4G auction in 2013 using the bids submitted in this auction. For bidders, he has convened workshops on bidding strategy and run mock auctions to help the bid team understand the likely dynamics of the real auction. Mr. Ihle has developed software to support the chosen bid strategy and to analyze the behavior of other bidders. He also provides onsite client support during auctions.<\/p>\n<p>In the energy arena, Mr. Ihle has worked on the design of a procurement auction for balancing services. He has also conducted research on a novel mechanism to remunerate capacity in electricity markets.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Ihle holds a Masters in Economics from the University of Cambridge, where he specialized in industrial organization, game theory, and applied econometrics.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Ihle_Hans_300x300_web-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Hans-Martin Ihle                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Associate Director, Nera Economic Consulting                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Vutomi-Mabunda-Jones-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Vutomi Mabunda-Jones                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Managing Director, Tirhani Auctioneers                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Vutomi Mabunda-Jones is the Managing Director of Tirhani Auctioneers, a South African Auction house specialising in the disposal of movable and immovable assets. Vutomi is a former commercial pilot who holds executive and non-executive directorships in the following fields: Technology, Software Development, Web Development and Management Services.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vutomi was the local project lead for the three-party consortium (Nera Consortium) that executed the spectrum auction on behalf of the Independent Communication Authority of South Africa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Expert Advisor image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Vutomi-Mabunda-Jones-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Vutomi Mabunda-Jones                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Managing Director, Tirhani Auctioneers                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">09:35<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">09:45<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">The View from the Successful Bidder<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"The View from the Successful Bidder image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Johan-Smit-Cropped-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Johan Smit                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Executive, Telkom                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>I have more than 35 years professional experience in the telecommunication sector (with Telkom) of which almost 30 years focussed on radio frequency spectrum matters.<\/p>\n<p>During my professional career at Telkom I worked in:<br \/>\nRegulatory Affairs \u2013 Spectrum, Technical and International regulations (Executive) (current)<br \/>\nRegulatory Affairs &#8211; Spectrum regulations, standards and ITU matters (Senior Specialist)<br \/>\nRadio and spectrum strategy and regulations (Manager)<br \/>\nRadio regulations and radio interference (Manager)<br \/>\nSpectrum management (Technologist) and<br \/>\nNetwork transmission maintenance (Technician\/Senior Technician).<\/p>\n<p>During my almost 30 years involved in spectrum management I represented Telkom on various national, regional and international forums and committees:<br \/>\nSince 1997 I attended all ITU World Radiocommunications Conferences (international treaty conference for the development of International Radio Regulations) as part of the South African delegation where I represented Telkom, South Africa, SADC and occasionally Africa as Rapporteur on various conference agenda items. I successfully led the company delegation to WRC-03, WRC-07, WRC-12 and WRC-19.<\/p>\n<p>In 2013 I was elected by ATU (African Telecommunication Union) to represent Africa as Vice-Chairman to ITU\u2019s JTG4-5-6-7, which was responsible for preparation for WRC-15 Agenda Items 1.1 and 1.2 dealing with IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications) matters. I am currently the SA and SADC Rapporteur for WRC-19 agenda item 1.13 responsible for mobile IMT-2020 spectrum.<\/p>\n<p>In 2009 I was invited by CRASA (Communications Regulatory Authority of Southern Africa) to develop the SADC regional frequency allocation band plan, which frequency plan was adopted by the SADC Ministers in 2010 and subsequently updated following WRC-12 and WRC-15. I was also appointed by the ITU in 2010 to develop spectrum related papers (e.g. use of spectrum for Public Protection and Disaster Relieve in SADC) for CRASA.<\/p>\n<p>I represent the company at SABS Technical Committees (TC) and Sub-Committees (SC) on wireless standardisation and is currently the Chairperson of SABS TC74\/SC05 (Radio Communications).<br \/>\nI was responsible for many written submissions and oral representations at the Authority (ICASA), Department of Communications\/Department of Communications and Digital Technology, Department of Science and Technology and Parliament on matters related to radio frequency spectrum, technical regulations and standards.<\/p>\n<p>In 2006 and 2010 I represented South Africa, as part of the SA delegation, to the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference in Antalya (Turkey) and Guadalajara (Mexico) respectively. In my current role at Telkom I am responsible for all spectrum and international regulatory matters as well as all technical regulations within Telkom.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"The View from the Successful Bidder image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Johan-Smit-Cropped-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Johan Smit                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Executive, Telkom                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible hideExcerpt\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">09:45<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Q&#038;A Discussion<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">10:15<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:30<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Case Study 2 \u2013 Spectrum Auctions and Awards in Tanzania<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Case Study 2 \u2013 Spectrum Auctions and Awards in Tanzania image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Victor Kweka                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Case Study 2 \u2013 Spectrum Auctions and Awards in Tanzania image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Victor Kweka                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible hideExcerpt\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">10:30<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">10:50<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Morning Refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">10:50<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">11:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Thinking Point &#8211; Exploring the potential of fixed wireless access (FWA) to deliver urban and sub-urban connectivity?<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Thinking Point &#8211; Exploring the potential of fixed wireless access (FWA) to deliver urban and sub-urban connectivity? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/dobek-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Dobek Pater                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Analyst & Director, Africa Analysis                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Dobek Pater has over twenty years\u2019 experience in the telecoms industry and is currently an ICT analyst with Africa Analysis, working on a wide range of projects in Africa for a diverse client base. His previous experience includes working for a South African fibre optic cabling and systems integration company, later joining an ICT market research and advisory company in the capacity of a telecommunications analyst, and a short stint in the consumer product research field. Dobek\u2019s career in the telecommunications sector has exposed him to strategies and technologies used by various telecoms operators and service providers, as well as telecommunications market fundamentals. In his capacity as an ICT analyst he has been responsible for analysis of numerous ICT markets in Africa and directly participated in major projects in over twenty African countries. Dobek has also presented at numerous shows and conferences in South Africa and other African countries on topics ranging from telecoms market opportunities to future technology applications. He is frequently quoted in the local and international media, and regularly appears on TV and radio shows. Dobek concentrates on the telecommunications market (including fixed line, mobile, satellite \/ VSAT, wireline, wireless, wholesale and retail markets), as well as the data centre and IT services markets. Among others, he undertakes market research and analysis, market modelling and forecasting, business case development, and provides advisory services.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Thinking Point &#8211; Exploring the potential of fixed wireless access (FWA) to deliver urban and sub-urban connectivity? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/dobek-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Dobek Pater                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Analyst & Director, Africa Analysis                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">11:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">12:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 5\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Closing the digital divide and ensuring that citizens across Africa have reliable access to fast, reliable and affordable broadband services has been a long-standing challenge for regulators across the region. Progress in this area is undoubtably being seen, and according to the ITU, the number of people across Africa with access to broadband grew 2690% from 2010-2020 (admittedly from a very low base), with the price of access to connectivity in the region falling more than in any other region for the same period. However, there is still an extremely long way to go and much work still to be done. This session will look at the approaches that are being seen in different countries across the region, and explore the solutions that have provided the greatest level of success. It will explore recent advancements in technologies such as fixed wireless access and advanced satellite systems, and the role that these can play in delivering a solution, and the way in which industry and regulators can come together in advancing the accessibility of broadband in many parts of Africa is attributable both to the investment and business activity of the private sector as well as the policy and regulatory environment created by the authorities.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What different approaches to tackling the digital divide are being seen across the region, and which are having the most affect?<\/li>\n<li>What countries and sub-regions are seeing the most progress to date, and are there lessons that can be taken from the approaches that they are using<\/li>\n<li>What targets are being set across the region when it comes to digital development? How can it be ensured that the connectivity requirements of communities is understood, and that the required solutions to deliver this are rolled out as quickly as possible?<\/li>\n<li>How can stakeholders in Africa come together to tackle specific challenges that the region faces such as the shortage of fixed infrastructure, the geographical scale of the areas that is being covered, and the economic challenges of low consumer purchasing power often seen in underserved areas?<\/li>\n<li>What technological advances have been seen across crucial technologies such as fixed wireless access (FWA), advanced satellite broadband and WiFi? What potential do these have to be part of the solution?<\/li>\n<li>How can spectrum policy help to facilitate faster rollout of networks and ensure that underserved communities and homes are brought online as soon as possible?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Jean-Jacques-Massima--120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Jean-Jacques Massima-Landji                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Representative for Central Africa and Madagascar, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon, ITU                                                                         <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Jean-Jacques is a Senior \u00a0Engineer in Radiocommunications, Electronics and Computer science who graduated in Paris in 1983.<\/p>\n<p>J.J. \u00a0Massima-Landji is actually ITU representative for Central Africa and Madagascar resident in Yaound\u00e9 since 2009. As Senior Adviser to the Ministry of Communications and Telecommunications of GABON, he was posted in Geneva where he spent \u00a09 years in ITU \u00a0Headquarters in Geneva as the Permanent Representative of Gabon to ITU from 2004 to 2009 and at the Telecommunications development Bureau (BDT) as Coordinator of Iraq Project, from 2000 to 2004. He spent two years as Regional Director for Central Africa for ICO Global Communications, Office based in South Africa from 1998 to 2000.\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Senior Engineer and Director of Posts and Telecommunications in the Gabonese administration, he managed the Telecommunications of his country for more than 15 years ( Head of Telematics and computer services from 2004 to 2006, Director of \u00a0Studies and Computer Science \u00a02006 to 2010; Central Director of National Telecommunications from 1990 to 1994 and Deputy Director-General of OPT( Office des Postes et Telecommunications), Director General of the T.I.G( Societ\u00e9 des Telecommunications Internationales du Gabon ) in charge of Telecommunications from 1994 to 1998, and was the first Chairman of the Regulatory Body of Gabon: \u201cAgence de Regulation des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications.<\/p>\n<p>Recognized as an ICT senior expert worldwide he has a proven experience of more than 37 years in the field of \u00a0ICT and computer science. He contributed to the implementation of RASCOM as a continental expert and chaired the RASCOM Board of Directors in 1994 and 1995. He attended most of the ICT and ITU big conferences.<\/p>\n<p>He served also as a lecturer in the National School of post and telecommunications and in the African Institute of Informatics (IAI) \u00a0 from 1984 to 1987 in Libreville Gabon.<\/p>\n<p>He is \u00a0French-speaking, fluent in English and also graduated in English with a UN Proficiency.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Jean-Jacques-Massima--90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Jean-Jacques Massima-Landji                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Representative for Central Africa and Madagascar, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon, ITU                                                                 <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Amr-Ashour-256-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Amr Ashour                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Manager, Government and Regulatory Engagement, OneWeb                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Amr Ashour an Engineer graduated in 2005 holds a Bachelor of Science (B.SC.) degree in Engineering and Technology, Electrical Engineering specialization (Electronics Engineering and communication technology Branch). Specialized in Regulatory, Market Access and business development of Telecommunication aspects of Satellites systems and Networks for 15+ years.<\/p>\n<p>During his area of expertise, he was exposed to several expertise and challenges, to have wide knowledge and experience in the International Radio Regulations, Radio Spectrum, Market Access, business development, telecommunications legislation, governments policies, negotiations, and licensing, which allows him to manage complex and innovative projects in challenging environment.<\/span><\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Amr-Ashour-256-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Amr Ashour                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Senior Manager, Government and Regulatory Engagement, OneWeb                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dativa-Kabasinga-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Dativa Kabasinga                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Radiocommunications Licencing Officer, Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dativa-Kabasinga-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Dativa Kabasinga                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Radiocommunications Licencing Officer, Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Victor Kweka                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Victor_Kweka_240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Victor Kweka                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    RF Spectrum Management Engineer, Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Marius-Engelbrecht-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Marius Engelbrecht                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Senior Strategy Consultant,  Southern Africa Region Public Relations Department, Huawei                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>With 30+ years experience in the Telecommunication Industry Marius has held various Senior positions with extensive exposure to the Middle East and Africa pertaining to Product Management, Network Engineering, deployment and integration of Telecoms technologies. He is currently in the portfolio of Senior Strategy Consultant for Huawei Southern Africa Region.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 6: Connecting unserved and underserved regions &#8211; progress to date and the path ahead image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Marius-Engelbrecht-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Marius Engelbrecht                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Senior Strategy Consultant,  Southern Africa Region Public Relations Department, Huawei                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible hideExcerpt\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">12:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">13:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Lunch<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">13:10<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 6\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Back in 2013, an agreement was signed by 47 Sub-Saharan African countries to turn off broadcasting signals in the 700 MHz and 800 MHz bands by June 2015. At the time, this was hailed as a \u201clandmark <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">agreement that would make Africa the first region to be in position to allocate spectrum in the 700 MHz and 800 MHz digital dividend bands to mobile services&#8221;. We are now 7 years on from this deadline however, this objective of digital switchover has still not been achieved in many countries. And the situation often remains complex, with legal challenges amongst a number of other factors that is blocking progress across different countries. This session will look at the factors that have contributed to this continued delay in switchover and the challenges that still need to be overcome in order to finally be able to move forward. Looking wider across the UHF band, it will also build on the discussions that took place in the WRC-23 panel discussion earlier today, to explore the work that is being done to look at the future of the 470-694 MHz band, and the overall use and needs of existing services across the entire 470-960 MHz range. What does the future hold for the key users across the UHF frequencies, and how can it be ensured that the potential of spectrum in these frequencies is maximised for the benefit of all?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the current state of play with regards to digital migration and the re-assignment of the 700MHz and 800MHz bands across the region? More than 7 years on from the agreed deadline, is the end in sight?<\/li>\n<li>What are the main factors that are still delaying this in countries that have not yet undertaken the switchover process and how can these be overcome?<\/li>\n<li>What progress has been made on studies that are being conducted ahead of WRC-23 into the feasibility of sharing and compatibility between broadcast and mobile services in the 470- 694 MHz band?<\/li>\n<li>To what extent can emerging new technologies and standards have the potential to help to make sharing of this kind a possibility either now or in the future?<\/li>\n<li>Could the emergence of 5G and more advanced technologies help facilitate new business models and closer co-ordination between the sectors? Given this, how important is it that a long-term view is taken when considering the future shape of the band?<\/li>\n<li>What sensitivities exist in this area, and what safeguards would need to be put in place to protect vital broadcasting services?<\/li>\n<li>Given the discussion that is taking place around the future of this band, to what extent is there an argument for countries still working to complete the digital switchover in the 700MHz band to also start exploring options in the 600MHz band at the same time?<\/li>\n<li>What are the future plans of the different users in the band (for example broadcasters, mobile, PMSE) and how can their requirements across the band be met in the medium to longer term?<\/li>\n<li>How can it be ensured that the potential of spectrum in these frequencies is maximised for the benefit of all?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mark-Colville-Conf-pic-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Mark Colville                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Principal, Analysys Mason                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Mark (Principal) is part of Analysys Mason&#8217;s Regulation practice, and is based in the company&#8217;s Cambridge office. He joined Analysys Mason in 2003 and has advised a variety of clients, including national regulators, fixed and mobile operators, media players, equipment vendors and investors on a wide range of projects around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Mark&#8217;s work focuses mainly on radio spectrum and wider regulatory issues across the telecoms and media sectors. Among other topics, he has particular expertise in spectrum valuation and auction support, spectrum policy, and forecasting the future demand for spectrum.<\/p>\n<p>His other areas of expertise include media regulation, with a focus on competition issues in pay-TV markets, content rights issues and TV advertising. Mark&#8217;s wider regulatory experience includes work on a range of competition issues, such as wholesale pricing, predatory pricing and margin-squeeze analysis, and core and access network cost modelling. Mark has also advised on the pricing of fixed and mobile telephony services and has managed several projects to support operators in the introduction of new tariff plans.<\/p>\n<p>Mark trained as a mathematician and has an MA from the University of Cambridge, as well as a Diploma in Computer Science, also from Cambridge.<\/span><\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Mark-Colville-Conf-pic-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Mark Colville                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Principal, Analysys Mason                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Scott_McKenzie-copy-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Scott McKenzie                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Director, Coleago Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Scott has over 20 years experience in the telecoms sector. Formerly the Chief Strategy Officer for KPN\u2019s International Mobile division and CEO of KPN\u2019s \u20ac1bn Mobile Wholesale business. Prior to that he worked in the City as an equity analyst and earlier in his career for Arthur D. Little, Ericsson and Telstra. He holds a BE in electrical engineering from Melbourne University and an MBA from Oxford University. During the past years, Scott has run many LTE strategy and spectrum valuation and auction projects.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Scott_McKenzie-copy-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Scott McKenzie                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Director, Coleago Consulting                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/RLG-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Ronel le Grange                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Electronic Communications, CRAN                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>A dedicated and experienced communications professional with 26 year\u2019s experience in the communications industry including 9 year\u2019s regulatory experience in the broadcasting and telecommunications industry being employed with the Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia since 2012. She has been instrumental in setting regulatory frameworks in Namibia for spectrum management, infrastructure sharing, quality of service, type approval, numbering and a service technology neutral licensing regime for the telecommunications and broadcasting industry including drafting of regulations and consultative documents. Prior to joining the regulator she was responsible for various technical and commercial projects from scoping and planning stage to completion for two mobile operators in Namibia. Currently she serves as vice chairperson of the CRASA Electronic Communications Committee, SADC Rapporteur for Agenda Item 1.5 and Vice-Coordinator for chapter 1 and ATU champion for Agenda Item 1.5 in preparation for WRC-23 as well as Chairperson of WG2 within ITU TG 6\/1 for Agenda Item 1.5.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/RLG-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Ronel le Grange                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head of Electronic Communications, CRAN                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nada-Abdelhafez-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Nada Abdelhafez                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Spectrum & Regulatory Affairs, MEA region, Shure (on behalf of APWPT)                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Nada Abdelhafez is Head of Spectrum &amp; Regulatory Affairs for Middle East and Africa at Shure Inc. In her role, she educates and promotes the spectrum needs for the PMSE industry in the MEA region. She influences regulations, ensures access for spectrum, advocates spectrum policy and promotes new technologies for audio PMSE. Nada works closely with administrations, regulatory authorities and policy makers to enable PMSE in MEA.<\/p>\n<p>Before joining Shure, Nada worked for Etisalat UAE, where she was involved in various activities related to spectrum management, technology standardization and technology regulatory support.<\/p>\n<p>Nada holds a Master\u2019s degree in Electrical Engineering and has several publications related to optimization and deep learning in audio and video streaming.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nada-Abdelhafez-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Nada Abdelhafez                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head of Spectrum & Regulatory Affairs, MEA region, Shure (on behalf of APWPT)                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bertus-Ehmke-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Bertus Ehmke                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            General Manager: Technical Regulation, MTN                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bertus Ehmke is the Group Head of Technical Regulatory Affairs in the MTN Group. He has worked in MTN in various capacities in the past 25 years throughout Africa and the Middle East<\/p>\n<p>Formerly, he served in Group Technology leading Technology and Spectrum Strategy.<\/p>\n<p>He represents the Group\u2019s interests at several industry fora such as the GSMA Future Spectrum Group, Strategic Spectrum Management Group, Future of Spectrum Access Group and EMF Forum.<\/p>\n<p>Bertus holds Bachelor\u2019s Degrees in Electronic Engineering, Commerce and Marketing Management and a Diploma in Mobile Communications<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bertus-Ehmke-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Bertus Ehmke                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    General Manager: Technical Regulation, MTN                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Joe-frans-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Joe Frans                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            AUB Expert, Broadcast Networks Europe                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 7: The continuing path to digital switchover and the wider sub-1GHz ecosystem &#8211; maximising the value of spectrum across the UHF frequencies image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Joe-frans-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Joe Frans                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    AUB Expert, Broadcast Networks Europe                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible hideExcerpt\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">14:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">14:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Afternoon Refreshments<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">14:40<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">15:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in China<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in China image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Yao-Zhou-CU-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Yao Zhou                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Leader of Spectrum and Policy Research Group, China Unicom                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Leader of Spectrum and Policy Research Group \u00a0of China Unicom, responsible for interference coordination solution between 5G and FSS in C band, and it&#8217;s national implementation.<\/span><\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in China image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/256Yao-Zhou-CU-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Yao Zhou                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Leader of Spectrum and Policy Research Group, China Unicom                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">15:00<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">15:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in Germany<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in Germany image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alex-Kuhn-240-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Alexander Kuehn                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Head of Spectrum, BNetzA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p class=\"\">Alexander Kuhn is a Senior Government Official at the German Federal Network Agency (BNetzA).<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">He is Deputy Head of Section &#8220;International Frequency affairs, frequency utilization concepts and the frequency usage plan&#8221; and the preparation for World Radiocommunication Conferences is under his responsibility. He lead the European countries (CEPT) at WRC 2015 and 2019.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"A view from outside the region: The approach to the C-band in Germany image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alex-Kuhn-240-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Alexander Kuehn                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Head of Spectrum, BNetzA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div style=\"background-color: #FFFFFF;\" class=\"row scheduled-event event-collapsed event-visible\" data-date=\"2022-11-04\" data-location=\"\">\r\n                            <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-2 vcenter hidden-xs\">\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"imgContainer center-block text-center\">\r\n                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div><div class=\"col-md-9 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"col-md-12 event-time\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                        <span class=\"time-starts\">15:20<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                                    - <span class=\"time-ends\">16:30<\/span>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"col-md-12 event-title\" style=\"color: ;\">Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range?<\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div><div class=\"col-md-1 vcenter\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"event-icon pull-right\">\r\n                                            <i class=\"tcode-ico-grot-down\" data-state=\"collapsed\" style=\"color: ;\"><\/i>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"row event-excerpt\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-12\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"row event-content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-offset-2\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 6\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>The 3.4GHz-3.6GHz portion of the C-band has been allocated to mobile on a primary basis across Africa and many other regions of the world. The future of the 3.3GHz-3.4GHz and the 3.6GHz-3.8GHz portions is due to be discussed in detail at WRC-23. Regulators and policymakers tasked to make a decision on this highly sought after spectrum are faced with the question of where the balance lies when looking to meet the needs of both mobile and satellite in the 3.3-4.2 GHz band that both see as vital to their future. This session will explore the work being done in this area both ahead of WRC-23 and more broadly, and the positions that are emerging. It will look at the extent to which it is important that a harmonised approach is achieved both within the Africa and across region 1, as well as discussing the possibility of co-existence between mobile and satellite in the band, and the extent to which new emerging technologies could help to make this a more realistic option.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Where should the balance lie when considering access for mobile and satellite across the 3.3-4.2 GHz C-band that both sectors see as crucial for their future?<\/li>\n<li>What are the key issues for consideration for national and regional delegations studying both the 3.3-3.4GHz and the 3.6-3.8GHz portions of the band ahead of its discussion at WRC23?<\/li>\n<li>What is the level of use of the C-band by satellite services, and specifically of the 3.6-3.8GHz portion of the band?<\/li>\n<li>To what extent is there still a need for additional mid-band spectrum in the C-band to be allocated to the mobile service and identified for IMT to meet the either current or future needs for 5G?<\/li>\n<li>To what extent could there be potential in the future to explore the use of the 3.8GHz -4.2GHz portion of the band to help meet these needs of 5G, particularly in urban areas?<\/li>\n<li>What progress has been seen in rolling out 5G in countries that have made C-band spectrum available for this both in Africa and elsewhere? What take-up rates have been seen and what challenges have been faced?<\/li>\n<li>What are the current challenges of delivering interference-free co-existence between mobile and satellite in the C-band? What work is being done to tackle these, and could there be the scope for advancing technology to assist with the situation at any point in the near future?<\/li>\n<li>How can it be ensured that both the efficiency and the socio-economic value of the spectrum across these key frequencies is maximised for consumers and societies across the Sub-Saharan region?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\">\n<p>Jonathan supports telecoms operators and regulators in areas including 5G network strategy, spectrum valuation and cost modelling. In particular, he has managed the development of complex quantitative models used to help operators develop their approach to 5G and to prepare for 5G spectrum auctions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\">\n<p align=\"justify\">Jonathan\u2019s core expertise is in supporting clients to assess their spectrum strategy, often ahead of major spectrum awards. This includes regulatory support, spectrum valuation, network strategy and bid strategy work. He has also supported clients to develop their business plans, and to prepare network costing models ahead of regulatory processes.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to joining Aetha, Jonathan studied Physical Sciences at the University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Jonathon-Wall-256-120x120-1-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Moderator: Jonathan Wall                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Manager, Aetha Consulting                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Wako-Gababo-120x120.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Gababo Wako                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Spectrum Manager, Communications Authority of Kenya                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Bio Coming Shortly<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Wako-Gababo-90x90.jpeg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Gababo Wako                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Spectrum Manager, Communications Authority of Kenya                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Hazem-Moakkit-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Hazem Moakkit                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Vice President, Spectrum Strategy, Intelsat                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Hazem Moakkit is a veteran of the satellite industry where he has worked for over 22 years in various capacities. He currently serves as the Vice President of Spectrum Development at O3b Networks where he leads the creation and implementation of O3b\u2019s global spectrum strategy.<br \/>\nPrior to O3b, Hazem spent 5 years at Yahsat in the United Arab Emirates as the Director or Regulatory &amp; Spectrum Affairs where he created and managed the spectrum strategy, and was a key member of the corporate strategy team. Mr. Moakkit led the acquisition of vital orbital assets for the start-up operator and worked closely with regulators to obtain the required licenses. He was also instrumental in formulating the expansion strategy for Yahsat in Africa and South America.<br \/>\nPrior to joining Yahsat, Mr. Moakkit worked in various roles at Intelsat (previously PanAmSat) where he rose through the ranks to become a key member of the spectrum &amp; regulatory group in Washington. There, Mr. Moakkit was responsible for frequency coordination activities for the Intelsat fleet of over 50 satellites spanning multiple administrations. During his tenure, he also worked in various system and sales engineering roles.<br \/>\nEarly on in his career, Mr. Moakkit was a system integrator at ATCI, a nascent yet ambitious satellite system integrator based in Mesa, Arizona. While at ATCI he gained valuable hands-on experience designing, building and operating RF systems for Fortune 500 clients.<br \/>\nMr. Moakkit holds a bachelor\u2019s degree in Electrical Engineering from Arizona State University, an MBA degree from Georgetown University.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Hazem-Moakkit-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Hazem Moakkit                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Vice President, Spectrum Strategy, Intelsat                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/25_Kamal_Tamawa-120x120.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Kamal Tamawa                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Director of Public Policy, SSA, GSMA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                        <p>Kamal is a Policy Manager on the Africa Team. In his role, Kamal is involved in the delivery of GSMA Advocacy programmes in the Sub-Saharan Africa region and the dissemination of messages on a wide variety of policy topics, including Spectrum.<\/p>\n<p>He has worked with the Nigerian Telecoms Regulator and, prior to joining the GSMA, he worked with Etisalat Nigeria where he managed Regulatory Compliance, Spectrum Policy and Technical Regulatory matters. Kamal has also been a member of the Technical Advisory Committee that prepares Nigeria\u2019 s participation at International fora on spectrum and other technical matters.<\/p>\n<p>Kamal holds a B.Sc in Computer Engineering from the American University of Cyprus and an M.Sc in Mobile and Personal Communications from King\u2019s College London. In his spare time, he indulges in Photography and has been witnessed cheering for Manchester United.<\/p>\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/25_Kamal_Tamawa-90x90.png\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Kamal Tamawa                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Director of Public Policy, SSA, GSMA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basebi-e1666797213737-120x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Basebi J.Mosinyi                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Vice-Chairperson at ATU WG4B-Satellite Issues and Deputy Director, Spectrum Management, BOCRA                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Basebi-e1666797213737-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Basebi J.Mosinyi                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Vice-Chairperson at ATU WG4B-Satellite Issues and Deputy Director, Spectrum Management, BOCRA                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"row artist-row\" data-effect=\"mfp-zoom-in\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"tcode-artist-popover hidden\">\r\n                                                        <div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-4\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"artist-image center-block\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bashir-Gwandu-pic_1-118x120.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-8 artist-details-container\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\">\r\n                                                                        <a href=\"#\">\r\n                                                                            Bashir Gwandu                                                                        <\/a>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\">\r\n                                                                            Chairman, Commonwealth ITU Group                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"artist-content\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 tcode-es-artist-title-col vcenter\">\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter artist-image\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" alt=\"Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range? image\" src=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Bashir-Gwandu-pic_1-90x90.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                        <div class=\"vcenter tcode-es-artist-title-container\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"tcode-es-artist-title\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                Bashir Gwandu                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"artist-position\" style=\"color: ;\">\r\n                                                                    Chairman, Commonwealth ITU Group                                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                            \r\n                                <div class=\"row no-events text-center\">\r\n                    <div class=\"col-xs-12\">Select date to see events.<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <!-- End Desktop theme -->\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n    jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n        \/\/ Init schedule script\r\n        $('.event-schedule').schedule({\r\n            showLocations: false,\r\n            keepAccordionsOpen: false,\r\n            openFirstAccordion: false        });\r\n        $('#days-carousel').tcodeslick({\r\n            slidesToShow: 2,\r\n            slidesToScroll: 2,\r\n            infinite: false,\r\n            prevArrow: '<a href=\"#\" class=\"slick-prev\"><\/a>',\r\n            nextArrow: '<a href=\"#\" class=\"slick-next\"><\/a>',\r\n            speed: 800,\r\n            easing: 'swing'\r\n        });\r\n    });\r\n<\/script>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68d627e elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68d627e\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"Eventbackground\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-40151b50\" data-id=\"40151b50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f459b47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f459b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fellowship scheme<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a19e3aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a19e3aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>ITU and Forum Global will be running a fellowship scheme for both the ITU Workshop and the Sub Sahara Spectrum Management Conference. Fellowship applications will be open to eligible Administrations in the Sub Sahara region. If you are interested to be kept informed about this when we have more information please <a href=\"mailto:anna.harrison@forum-europe.com\">get in touch<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66c7905 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66c7905\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5a97a\" data-id=\"5c5a97a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a396a33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a396a33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Event Background<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-957a80d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"957a80d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>For 7 years, <strong>The Sub-Sahara Spectrum Management Conference<\/strong> has provided the leading neutral platform for spectrum stakeholders policy discussion in the region.\u00a0<strong>This event is taking place as part of\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0075be;\"><a style=\"color: #0075be;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spectrum-series.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #f6cd46;\">The Global Spectrum Series<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ed7677b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ed7677b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-017116f\" data-id=\"017116f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b477b6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b477b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Global Spectrum Series<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ac80b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ac80b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8\">The&nbsp;<strong>Global Spectrum Series<\/strong>&nbsp;is the&nbsp;<strong>world\u2019s largest<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>collection of regional spectrum policy conferences.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-352b971 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"352b971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/spectrum-series.com\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read More <\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0832906\" data-id=\"0832906\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ef1900 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ef1900\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2021 Edition<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78e6f29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78e6f29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8\">The<strong> Sub Sahara Spectrum Management Conference <\/strong>is now in its 7th year. The 2021 edition welcomed over 700 delegates virtually. More information on this event and links to catch up sessions can be found below.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4c1c3 elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5d4c1c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8-i1LTYdD3c&#038;list=PL-w3m3Fi4ZVns7rzgP6JlVdf1IQTDkzfD\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Catch up on Sessions<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9fcd1f elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d9fcd1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/2021\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Visit 2021 Site<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d044104 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d044104\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"sponsor\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f18453e\" data-id=\"f18453e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dbed8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7dbed8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Get Involved - Sponsorship Opportunities<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e8b5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2e8b5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>This event is taking place as part of the<span style=\"color: #f6cd46;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0075be;\"><a style=\"color: #0075be;\" href=\"\/\/www.spectrum-series.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #f6cd46;\">Global Spectrum Series<\/span><\/strong><\/a>,<\/span> for further information on speaking, sponsorship or visibility opportunities, and to discuss how you can maximize the value of involvement, please contact <strong>Dan Craft<\/strong> on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #f6cd46;\"><a style=\"color: #f6cd46;\" href=\"mailto:dan.craft@forum-global.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dan.craft@forum-global.com <\/a><\/span>or on +44 (0) 2920 783 020.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-84c6c1f elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"84c6c1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"venue\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2e1b38\" data-id=\"f2e1b38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-669a906 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"669a906\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Venue<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6336e70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6336e70\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dda5fee\" data-id=\"dda5fee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a8629e elementor-widget elementor-widget-google_maps\" data-id=\"3a8629e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"google_maps.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed\">\n\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?q=Cape%20Town%20International%20Conference%20Centre&#038;t=m&#038;z=15&#038;output=embed&#038;iwloc=near\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"Cape Town International Conference Centre\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Cape Town International Conference Centre\"\n\t\t\t><\/iframe>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3816e9b\" data-id=\"3816e9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48d69f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48d69f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><b>The Cape Town International Convention Centre<br \/>Entrance 1<br \/>Room 2.60 (second floor)<\/b><\/p><p>Convention Square<br \/>1 Lower Long Street<br \/>Cape Town, 8001<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-321d071 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"321d071\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb67529 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb67529\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-39fe577\" data-id=\"39fe577\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34d200d elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"34d200d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/South-African-information-note-11102022.pdf\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Africa Information Sheet<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba6ff90\" data-id=\"ba6ff90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0732619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0732619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Safety-Information-Leaflet-Final.pdf\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Africa Safety Information<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45c170d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"45c170d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e630760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-alert\" data-id=\"e630760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"alert.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-alert elementor-alert-info\" role=\"alert\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-alert-title\">Contact<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-alert-description\">For more information on any aspect of this event, please contact <b>Anna Harrison<\/b> at: <b>subsaharaspectrum@forum-global.com \/ +44 (0) 2920 783 073<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>View 2021 Edition 17th European Spectrum Management Conference This conference has now taken place. Keep an eye out here for updates on a future event!\u00a0 Session replays Event photos Previous Next Event Overview The 7th Sub-Sahara Spectrum Management Conference took place in a hybrid format on 3 &amp; 4 November 2022 at the Cape Town &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/subsahara-spectrum.com\/2022\/tcode_event\/session-7-the-c-band-conundrum-how-can-the-needs-of-mobile-and-satellite-be-balanced-across-these-crucial-frequencies\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Session 8: How can the needs of mobile and satellite be balanced across the 3.5GHz range?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3515,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.14 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>7th Sub Sahara Spectrum 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